Gauge Bosons Fundamental Interactions And Their Evolution

Gauge Bosons: Fundamental Interactions And Their Evolution Ray Sahab, Harpreet Kaur, Manish Rawat, Kanishka Kumar Singh Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee – 247667 Abstract In this paper, we study the four fundamental interactions, namely electromagnetic, weak, strong, and gravity separately along with its corresponding gauge boson; the theories of the four fundamental interactions and their evolution was studied carefully. We constrain ourselves to study the only part of the theories which deal with the force carriers and do so in such a manner that anyone with elementary knowledge mathematics and physics could understand what is being discussed in the paper. Introduction Through the research and studies of various people over the decades we now know what gauge bosons are and what their role is for fundamental interactions at quantum level. Through this paper we strive to bring to the general populace, what the fundamental forces in the nature are and the theories of those forces whose evolution tries to coalesce the forces, leaving only one force and one theory to use in the end, one fundamental interaction and one theory to describe it all, â€Å"The Theory Of Everything†. Fundamental Interaction Fundamental Interactions are the four forces in nature which can describe any and all other phenomenons in known universe. They are the four fundamental interactions which hold together the universe and ensures it continued existence. Any force

Essay about Pagan Christmas - 788 Words

25 March 2013 Mythic Dimensions of Literature â€Å"The Origins of Christmas† Christmas is a holiday celebrated by members of the religion of Christianity. The holiday acknowledges the birth of the Christian prophet Jesus Christ. It is celebrated on December 25th by an estimated two billion members of the Christian religion. The holiday is also celebrated by many non-Christians, who highlight the secular aspects of the holiday. Many of the symbols, traditions, and rituals widely attributed to Christmas have been discovered by scholars and historians to have pagan origins. This essay will identify aspects of Christmas that have non-sacred origins, why they have been adopted by Christians and incorporated into Christmas, and also inquire as†¦show more content†¦The exchanging of gifts is also a ritual, without which modern day Christmas would be almost unrecognizable. While today it is an integral part of Christmas, the tradition itself is actually centuries older than the holiday of Christmas. Many Christians will cite the gifts that the wise men broug ht the Christ child as the inspiration of Christmas gift giving, but historically its origination seems to have come from elsewhere. Gift giving began with the Feast of Saturnalia, the Roman celebration of the God of Saturn. The Feast of Saturnalia was a weeklong celebration between December 17th and December 23rd. Children would receive toys on the 23rd and adults would exchange gifts, sometimes accompanied by prose, which could also be the origin of the Christmas card. Roman converts to Christianity kept this tradition in spite of protest from the Roman Catholic Church. When the Church received news of the popularity of the gift giving, they incorporated it into the holiday and justified its existence through the original gift of the Magi. The origin of Santa Claus is also one that is rooted in pagan traditions. Santa Claus, or Sinterklaas, bears many similarities to the Germanic god Odin. During Yule, Odin would ride across the sky with a grey horse with eightShow MoreRelatedEssa y on Christmas Traditions Around Th1170 Words   |  5 Pages RELIGIOUS PRACTICE AND POPULAR CUSTOMS The Bible provides no guidelines that explain how Christmas should be observed, nor does it even suggest that it should be considered a religious holiday. Because of the lack of biblical instructions, Christmas rituals have been shaped by the religious and popular traditions of each culture that celebrates the holiday. On Christmas Eve, churches around the world hold evening services. At midnight, most Catholic and many Protestant churches hold special candlelightRead MoreThe Commercialization Of Christmas And Easter1609 Words   |  7 Pagesescape the lure of commercialism. 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Pathophysiology Of Coronary Artery Disease Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Heart onslaught has become a common family term in the United States, due to the fact that about 16 million American have been diagnosed with coronary arteria disease. Harmonizing to American Heart Association, an American dies every minute due to coronary arteria disease. Coronary arteria disease besides known coronary bosom disease or ischaemic bosom disease encompasses other pathologies, such as angina and myocardial infarction ( bosom onslaught ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Pathophysiology Of Coronary Artery Disease Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coronary arteria disease occurs when there is a narrowing of the coronary arterias, due to the development of plaques taking to cut down sums of oxygenated blood to the bosom. [ 2 ] Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart: – The bosom is an indispensable organ that is responsible for pumping blood all throughout the organic structure and providing it with O and foods. It is the cardinal hub for the cardiovascular system and acts as the conveyance system of the organic structure, which performs via electrical conductivity activity. The anatomy of the bosom is composed of many constructions, such as the four Chamberss: the right and left atria and ventricles, legion blood vass such as the aorta, the pneumonic arteria and vena, and the coronary arterias, four valves, three beds of tissue, etc. The aorta is the chief arteria that pumps the blood out of the bosom to the remainder of the organic structure ; the pneumonic arteria and vena conveyance oxygenated and deoxygenated blood receptively, and the coronary arterias make a Crown on the bosom musculus and provide the myocardium with oxygenated blood and foods. The valves in the bosom are responsible for forestalling backflow of blood and let the blood to go around in an unvarying manner. The electrical conductivity system of the bosom accounts for the whipping of the bosom leting it contract and act as the pump of the organic structure. [ 2, 3 ] Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease: – When the coronary arterias become occluded due to plaque construct up a status called coronary artery disease occurs. Atherosclerosis means tapered and hardening of the arterias taking to damage to the blood vass and is a major subscriber to many bosom diseases and upsets [ 4 ] . These atherosclerotic plaques are formed are from lipid and fat sedimentations, chiefly being cholesterin, which is a ground why diet is besides major hazard factor in developing coronary arteria disease. Arteries are composed of three beds: adventita, intima, and media ; the plaque tends to develop between the intima and media beds [ 5 ] . These atherosclerotic plaques narrow the lms of the arterias doing reduced sums of blood to make the bosom and overtime indurate them doing decrease flexibleness during vasoconstriction and vasodilatation [ 4 ] . Additionally, the atherosclerotic plaques can free doing thrombosis and ischaemic events [ 5 ] . When the coronary arterias ‘ map is compromised, the bosom does non have equal supply of oxygenated blood and foods doing lessening cardiac map. At times of emphasis, the organic structure will seek to antagonize these alterations to accomplish homeostasis, by working harder than normal ; nevertheless, drawn-out effort initiates a cascade to many disease procedures and pathologies, such as myocardiopathy, bosom failure, arrhythmias, cardiac apprehension, and classically myocardial infarction ( bosom onslaught ) [ 4 ] . Most patients of coronary arteria disease experience angina and/or myocardial infarction, or perchance decease. Hazard Factors of Coronary Artery Disease: – Coronary arteria disease tends to be the most common cause of decease and disablement in the United States. The chief hazard factors of coronary arteria disease are as follows: positive household history, physical inaction, hapless diet, smoking and/or intoxicant consumption, along with other diseases pathologies like high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterin, and fleshiness. A individual that has positive household history of bosom disease of a first grade relation is at greater hazard of developing coronary arteria disease [ 2 ] . Physical inaction, hapless diet, and fleshiness go manus in manus for developing coronary bosom disease. Obesity has become an epidemic that affects one in four Americans and consequences in many dangerous effects. Heart disease has become the cause of decease in industrialised states compare to developing states, due to sedentary life style and increased fast-food ingestion. The American Heart Association encourages patients to exert on a regular b asis and eat healthy and this besides accounts for better forecast of coronary arteria disease even if person has other hazard factors [ 2 ] . Research indicates that a diet that ‘s rich in omega 3-fatty acids, such as fish helps protect against vascular disease [ 2 ] . One of the most preventable hazard factors for any disease is smoking, and for cardiovascular disease it is the figure one preventable cause [ 2 ] . The World Health Organization states that 1 twelvemonth after surcease of smoke, the hazard of coronary arteria disease lessening by about half [ 2 ] . Additionally, increased age and sex are other lending factors to coronary arteria disease. Statistically, males are more likely to develop coronary bosom disease at an early age, nevertheless the hazard peers for both work forces and adult females after post-maturity. Other diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and/or hypercholesteremia combined with coronary arteria disease consequences dangerous effects, which it is why it ‘s recommended to maintain a close oculus on cholesterin, blood force per unit area and glucose degrees and checked on regular footing [ 2, 4 ] . Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease: – Most patients of coronary arteria disease are symptomless, whereas other patients can show with a assortment of symptoms such as: shortness of breath, stringency around the thorax, thorax hurting, Levine ‘s mark, or perchance decease [ 2 ] . Patients that exhibit symptoms tend have beforehand phases of harm to their coronary arterias [ 4 ] . Angina is the authoritative bosom hurting most patients complain about that is caused by ischaemia. Ischemia is the deficiency of O supply to a part of the bosom [ 4 ] . Patients can see angina at anytime, nevertheless classically it ‘s exhibited after a individual has been involved in an immaterial activity, such as exercising. Angina can be categorized as stable, unstable, or Prinzmetal ‘s ( discrepancy ) angina [ 2 ] . The Levine ‘s mark is the authoritative presentation of a bosom onslaught that most histrions in Hollywood portray, when they are holding a bosom onslaught, which is a clinching fist over their chest [ 1 ] . Complications of Coronary Artery Disease/ What is a bosom onslaught? Myocardial infarction occurs when the bosom is deprived of oxygenated blood because of rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque, ensuing in a province of ischaemia. Supply meets demand theory comes into drama, because the bosom is demanding oxygenated blood and foods, but the coronary arterias are unable to supply due to atherosclerosis construct up. The country of the bosom that the harm occurs to the bosom depends on the vass that are occluded, exhibiting a assortment of symptoms and/or complications [ 4 ] . For illustration, if the myocardial infarction occurs at the right atrium and upset the electrical conductivity activity of the SA node, it may do the patient to perchance endure from arrhythmias. Therefore, basically if a patient experiences a myocardial infarction at a peculiar part of the bosom that country will endure an ischaemic event and kills the bosom tissue hence doing it non-functional. Overall, a myocardial infarction has hapless forecast and tends to take to morbidity and mortality [ 2 ] . Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease: – Coronary arteria disease is a status that develops overtime ; therefore there are n’t any existent trials that can bespeak if a individual is enduring from coronary arteria disease [ 6 ] . Healthcare suppliers use patient ‘s history, physical test consequences, and assess hazard factors for developing coronary arteria disease [ 2, 6 ] . Electrocardiogram, emphasis testing, echocardiography, and research lab proving turn out to be the trial of pick by health care suppliers when analyzing patients that are at hazard of developing coronary arteria disease. Electrocardiograms besides know as an EKG or ECG detects the bosom ‘s electrical activity, beat, bosom rate, axis, and any unnatural expansions of the bosom [ 6 ] . An EKG is a speedy and painless trial and can state healthcare suppliers if the patient had or is holding a myocardial infarction [ 2, 6 ] . Stress testing can be induced by exercising or medicine for measuring ischaemia in a patient [ 2 ] . An echocardi ography ( echo ) utilizes sound moving ridges to supervise the bosom ‘s activity, including the size, form, and blood flow. Laboratory proving, such as blood trials are conducted on a regular footing to measure the degrees of cholesterin, sugar, and proteins such as inflammatory markers [ 2 ] . Other tools, such as chest X raies, angiography, antielectron emanation imaging ( PET ) , and cardiac cautery can be utilized for patients with greater hazard factors and/or beforehand phases of coronary arteria disease [ 2 ] . Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease: – Coronary arteria disease is a complex disease since it encompasses other pathologies ; nevertheless intervention options for coronary arteria disease tends to be simple at its early phases, such as lifestyle alterations. Patients are encouraged to partake in curative life style alterations ( TLC ) , such as day-to-day exercising, eating healthy well-balanced repasts, and emphasis and weight direction. A comprehensive TLC program besides helps command other diseases, such diabetes, high blood pressure and fleshiness [ 6 ] . The American Heart Association recommends patients with hazard factors to use the DASH diet, which encourages ingestion of fruit and veggies on a day-to-day footing, eating fish twice a hebdomad, restricting salt and intoxicant ingestion [ 5 ] . TLC helps cut down the hazard of bosom disease by take downing cholesterin and keeping a organic structure mass index ( BMI ) of less than 25, which is considered to be normal [ 6 ] . For advanced phases of coronary arteria disease medicine such as decoagulants, acetylsalicylic acid, beta-blockers, Ca channel blockers, and glyceryl trinitrates are prescribed to assist cut down symptoms, lower cholesterin and blood force per unit area, prevent blood coagulums [ 2, 6 ] . Aspirin is the taking medicine to assist alleviate angina and prevent myocardial infarction. Patients that have extended harm to their arterias or have experienced a myocardial infarction may necessitate medical processs, such as angioplasty or coronary arteria beltway grafting ( CABG ) [ 6 ] . Angioplasty or transdermal coronary intercession ( PCI ) is a medical process done to open blocked or narrowed coronary arterias [ 6 ] . Normally, people refer this medical process as holding a â€Å" stent † put in, which helps prevent future obstruction from happening. CABG is an extended surgical process done where physicians use blood vass from other countries of the organic structure that are n’t blocked to short-circuit narrow ed and damaged coronary arterias, therefore bettering the blood flow to the bosom [ 2, 6 ] . Overall, patient instruction proves to be the best intervention option to assist forestall coronary arteria disease. Decision: – Levine sign- ^A Edmondstone WM ( 1995 ) .A † Cardiac chest hurting: does organic structure linguistic communication help the diagnosing? â€Å" .A BMJA 311A ( 7021 ) : 1660-1.A PMCA 2539106.A PMIDA 8541748. Chapter 10 pg 341 CMDT Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 18 pg 662 ; Marieb/Hoehn Clinical Pathophysiology made laughably simple ; Berkowitz AHA Website- hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/Heart-Attack_UCM_001092_SubHomePage.jsp hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/ How to cite Pathophysiology Of Coronary Artery Disease Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Fiscal Policy in Emerging Markets †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Fiscal Policy in Emerging Markets. Answer: Alcoholic beverages demand and macroeconomic factors Demand for goods like alcoholic beverages is always subject to substantial policy debate. The hard and fast rule of demand cannot be applied here. This is because of ambiguous effect of the alcoholic beverage consumption. Demand for alcoholic beverages is important for different macroeconomic fields. The positive effect of higher demand is it has significant contribution in raising governments revenue in Canada (De Goeij et al., 2015). The revenue sources from this industry include monopoly liquor shop, licensing fees for new and existing liquor shop and imposed exercise duty on such items. Two factors need to be considered in determining alcoholic beverages demand in Canada. First is, in the last few years incidence of immigration has rapidly increased in Canada. This leads to some major demographic changes for Canadian population. The likely changes in demographic feature affect beverages demand. This is the reason for varying alcoholic beverages demand for different provinces of Canada. The next demand-influencing factor is that use of discriminatory policy for sales and advertising different types of beverages. The demand for different category of beverages is different. For example, people often prefer wines to beer or spirits because wine has a greater cardiovascular benefit. Demand for spirit is elastic whereas wine demand is inelastic in response to its own price. Sprit and Wine are often considered as substitutes though wine is more preferred than Spirit. On the other hand relation between beer and spirit is complement is nature. Wine demand has a relatively income elastic demand (Amlung MacKillop, 2015). Hence, alcoholic beverages are considered as a luxury item in Canada. There is an independent relation between alcohol demand and unemployment level in the economy. Oil price in Canada has experienced a 30% drop in the last two quarters of 2014. The sluggish oil market affects investments in major energy companies. Since, energy sector is an important determinant of economic growth, the events resulted in a negative growth in some territories of Canada in the beginning of 2015. The downturn in the energy sector continued in 2015 and 2016 results in a continuous trend of slower growth. The projected growth rate was even lower than 2.2% (Smith, 2017). Globalization brings some changes in the structure of Canadian economy. Associated computer revolution in Canada had rapidly changed profession trend among Canadian workers. The direct effect of occupation is on the income of people. The distribution of income in Canadian Society has changed in favor of richer population. Share of total income going to the richest section of the society has increased while the share to bottom 40% has declined. To recover from sluggish economic growth trend, Canada has increased its reliance on the external sector. Depreciation of Canadian currency indicates export enhancement of the nation. Another challenge that the economy is facing is the rising debt of the Canadian government. With a increase in the flow of immigrants, government expenditure has increased significantly to provide different facilities to its citizen. Canada is making slow progress in improving its unemployment rate. The average unemployment rate in Canada from 1966 to 2017 is 7.69 (Agnor, Flamini, 2016). Unemployment rate slightly improved in the month of July than that prevailing in June. Alcoholic beverages industry in Canada experiences an overall rising trend. As recorded in 2011, total alcoholic drink sales had increased by 4% in Canada. However, depending on macroeconomic factors there are variations among demand for different alcoholic beverages. The three main alcohol items are beer, wine and spirits. Demand for beer increase very rapidly as compared to Wine and Spirit. This is because of sluggish economic growth leading to a decline in peoples income. To compensate rising government debt Canadian government imposes heavy exercise duty. However, having an inelastic demand for beer and Spirit among Canadian population, the demand for these products does not reduce. With a rising inequality, rich people in Canada become richer. Demand for Wine comes from this group as it is a luxury item. In the total sales, contribution of imported Wine is approximately 70% (Gilmore et al., 2016). This explains why despite having a relatively small domestic wine industry both preference and retail sales in Canada is growing. The consumption pattern as evidenced in Canada supports the relation of alcoholic beverages and macroeconomic factors found earlier. Increase in consumption despite imposing a heavy exercise duty support the fact of relatively inelastic demand for beer and spirit. Increasing Wine demand from richer class explain that it is a luxury factor. From the tax imposed on alcoholic beverages government has earned significant revenue. Nearly 85% of the government revenue is generated from exercise duty on tobacco and liquor (agr.gc.ca 2017). Canada in the recent years has seen substantial economic activities, both positive and negative. The economy has shown impressive growth trends in different economic and non-economic aspects. The monetary policies, as designed by the Canadian government, had contributed significantly in the economys growth. It can be seen from the above graph that the economy of Canada has grown substantially in the last few years. Though the economy faced a negative growth rate in its Gross Domestic Product, in the year 2015 and in the second half of 2016, the economy bounced back with immense vigor during the first quarters of 2017. The growth rate of GDP had past all expectations during the first half of the current year embarking the economy on a path of economic progress. However, if seen in details, the economy portrays several flaws, much of which has been due to the implementations of fiscal and monetary policies which were not in synchronization to each other. It is seen that the economy had taken a rather expansionary monetary policy framework, which has significantly contributed to the economic growth of the country in the recent period. The expansionary monetary policy framework included a general low interest rate maintenance by the economy, which stimulated consumption expenditure, loans by both commercial and public banks and a rise in the level of investments in the economy, facilitating economic growth. However, during this period, the economy did not emphasize much on the fiscal policy framework, thereby making it incapable to run at par with the robust monetary activities. This has been a wrong doing on part of the Canadian government, as the stability in any economy depends more on the fiscal policy framework rather than the monetary framework as the latter is by nature more fluctuating, volatile and more vulnerable to external influences (Ferede Dahlby, 2012). This becoming one of the primary reason for future threat of the growth rate taking a backseat, has become one of the primary concern for the Canadian Government and the policy makers, in the recent period. The monetary policies reaching their extreme and having been done all that they could have for the economy, the Government of Canada is likely to reform its fiscal policy framework largely, especially in the short run. The fiscal and monetary policies, which are likely to be taken by the government, are discussed below: Anti-Inflationary Policy Mix- Due to an expansionary monetary policy targeting increased consumption and investment expenditures, both public and private, the inflation level of the country has increased significantly within a short span of last quarter of 2016 to the first quarter of 2017: It is evident from the above graph that inflation rising significantly, anti-inflationary measures have been becoming a necessity for the Government. A policy mix of appropriate monetary can effectively control inflation and fiscal policy, with special emphasize on the latter. With a contracting monetary policy, corrective fiscal measures for increasing production in an overall basis are required to bring the price levels down (Weale et al., 2015). Employment Generation- The country requires to create employment scopes to eradicate the problem under-utilization of resources. To improve the economic conditions of any economy, generation of proper employment opportunities are important as this is consequence improves the overall standard level of the residents of the economy, thereby bringing in sustainability (Weale et al., 2015). Imposing Import Restrictions- One of the ways to combat high price levels in Canada, is producing more goods and services domestically and restricting foreign imports (which can be cheap substitutes to the former ones) as far as possible. In the light of the current inflationary pressure on the economy, the Canadian Government is likely impose stricter excise duties and excise on foreign imports, especially on those goods which are not products of primary consumptions and investments (Kopits, 2013). The current exchange rate of Mexican Peso and Canadian Dollar is 14.29:1, that is 1 Canadian Dollar is nominally equal to 14.29 Mexican Peso. Increasing the exchange rate can help in keeping inflation in control; however, decreasing it may result in a decrease in the unemployment levels (Bahmani-Oskooee, Bolhassani Hegerty, 2012). Given the current economic situations of Canada, the expected monetary and fiscal policy implementations, may have significant impact on the sales of tequila spirits of the two Mexican companies: Spirits being highly price elastic, if the Canadian Government imposes excise on spirits, the demand for spirits can reduce significantly, as the consumers will shift to other options like beer or wine, both having much lesser price elasticity as compared to spirit, thereby creating losses for the concerned companies (Stockwell, 2012). An increase in the employment may imply indirectly a shift of the consumer base, at least a large part of it, towards better options like wine, as the consumers become lesser rice sensitive. This may indirectly imply loss in the market share of spirits that are exported by the companies. In the above scenario, if the Canadian Dollar sales price of tequila remains the same, there are not much prospects the Mexican tequila exporters earn greater revenue from selling their products in the Canadian markets. This is because if the expected reforms take place in the policy framework of the country, the spirit sector is expected to lose a significant share of its clientele to other forms of liquor like wine (Bahmani-Oskooee, Bolhassani Hegerty, 2012). References Agnor, P. R., Flamini, A. (2016).Institutional Mandates for Macroeconomic and Financial Stability(No. 231). Economics, The Univeristy of Manchester. Amlung, M., MacKillop, J. (2015). Further evidence of close correspondence for alcohol demand decision making for hypothetical and incentivized rewards.Behavioural processes,113, 187-191. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., Bolhassani, M., Hegerty, S. (2012). Exchange-rate volatility and industry trade between Canada and Mexico.The Journal of International Trade Economic Development,21(3), 389-408. Consumer Trends - Wine, Beer and Spirits in Canada - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC). (2017).Agr.gc.ca. Retrieved 30 August 2017, from https://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/industry-markets-and-trade/foreign-market-information-by-region/canada/consumer-trends-wine-beer-and-spirits-in-canada/?id=1422297046469 De Goeij, M. C., Suhrcke, M., Toffolutti, V., van de Mheen, D., Schoenmakers, T. M., Kunst, A. E. (2015). How economic crises affect alcohol consumption and alcohol-related health problems: a realist systematic review.Social Science Medicine,131, 131-146. Ferede, E., Dahlby, B. (2012). The impact of tax cuts on economic growth: evidence from the Canadian provinces.National Tax Journal,65(3), 563. Gilmore, W., Chikritzhs, T., Stockwell, T., Jernigan, D., Naimi, T., Gilmore, I. (2016). Alcohol: taking a population perspective.Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Kirby, J. (2017).Canadas 50 most important economic charts for 2016.Canadian Business - Your Source For Business News. Retrieved 30 August 2017, from https://www.canadianbusiness.com/economy/canadas-50-most-important-economic-charts-for-2016/ Kopits, M. G. (2013).Rules-based fiscal policy in emerging markets. International Monetary Fund. Smith, G. W. (2017). Economic Research in Canada: Evolution and Convergence. Stockwell, T., Auld, M. C., Zhao, J., Martin, G. (2012). Does minimum pricing reduce alcohol consumption? The experience of a Canadian province.Addiction,107(5), 912-920. Tradingeconomics.com. (2017).Canada GDP Growth Rate | 1961-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast.Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 30 August 2017, from https://tradingeconomics.com/canada/gdp-growth Weale, M., Blake, A., Christodoulakis, N., Meade, J. E., Vines, D. (2015).Macroeconomic policy: inflation, wealth and the exchange rate(Vol. 8). Routledge.