Gauge Bosons Fundamental Interactions And Their Evolution

Gauge Bosons: Fundamental Interactions And Their Evolution Ray Sahab, Harpreet Kaur, Manish Rawat, Kanishka Kumar Singh Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee – 247667 Abstract In this paper, we study the four fundamental interactions, namely electromagnetic, weak, strong, and gravity separately along with its corresponding gauge boson; the theories of the four fundamental interactions and their evolution was studied carefully. We constrain ourselves to study the only part of the theories which deal with the force carriers and do so in such a manner that anyone with elementary knowledge mathematics and physics could understand what is being discussed in the paper. Introduction Through the research and studies of various people over the decades we now know what gauge bosons are and what their role is for fundamental interactions at quantum level. Through this paper we strive to bring to the general populace, what the fundamental forces in the nature are and the theories of those forces whose evolution tries to coalesce the forces, leaving only one force and one theory to use in the end, one fundamental interaction and one theory to describe it all, â€Å"The Theory Of Everything†. Fundamental Interaction Fundamental Interactions are the four forces in nature which can describe any and all other phenomenons in known universe. They are the four fundamental interactions which hold together the universe and ensures it continued existence. Any force

Essay about Pagan Christmas - 788 Words

25 March 2013 Mythic Dimensions of Literature â€Å"The Origins of Christmas† Christmas is a holiday celebrated by members of the religion of Christianity. The holiday acknowledges the birth of the Christian prophet Jesus Christ. It is celebrated on December 25th by an estimated two billion members of the Christian religion. The holiday is also celebrated by many non-Christians, who highlight the secular aspects of the holiday. Many of the symbols, traditions, and rituals widely attributed to Christmas have been discovered by scholars and historians to have pagan origins. This essay will identify aspects of Christmas that have non-sacred origins, why they have been adopted by Christians and incorporated into Christmas, and also inquire as†¦show more content†¦The exchanging of gifts is also a ritual, without which modern day Christmas would be almost unrecognizable. While today it is an integral part of Christmas, the tradition itself is actually centuries older than the holiday of Christmas. Many Christians will cite the gifts that the wise men broug ht the Christ child as the inspiration of Christmas gift giving, but historically its origination seems to have come from elsewhere. Gift giving began with the Feast of Saturnalia, the Roman celebration of the God of Saturn. The Feast of Saturnalia was a weeklong celebration between December 17th and December 23rd. Children would receive toys on the 23rd and adults would exchange gifts, sometimes accompanied by prose, which could also be the origin of the Christmas card. Roman converts to Christianity kept this tradition in spite of protest from the Roman Catholic Church. When the Church received news of the popularity of the gift giving, they incorporated it into the holiday and justified its existence through the original gift of the Magi. The origin of Santa Claus is also one that is rooted in pagan traditions. Santa Claus, or Sinterklaas, bears many similarities to the Germanic god Odin. During Yule, Odin would ride across the sky with a grey horse with eightShow MoreRelatedEssa y on Christmas Traditions Around Th1170 Words   |  5 Pages RELIGIOUS PRACTICE AND POPULAR CUSTOMS The Bible provides no guidelines that explain how Christmas should be observed, nor does it even suggest that it should be considered a religious holiday. Because of the lack of biblical instructions, Christmas rituals have been shaped by the religious and popular traditions of each culture that celebrates the holiday. On Christmas Eve, churches around the world hold evening services. At midnight, most Catholic and many Protestant churches hold special candlelightRead MoreThe Commercialization Of Christmas And Easter1609 Words   |  7 Pagesescape the lure of commercialism. Although advances in technology have made consumerism more readily available to people world-wide, the root of secularization of the church can be traced back hundreds of years. Of course the commercialization of Christmas and Easter stands out amongst holidays celebrated by Christians; other religions also include elaborate festivities and gift giving during their religious celebrations. In addition to the merchandising during the holidays, there are countless storesRead MoreThe Beginnings of Christianity Essay examples1760 Words   |  8 Pageswas paganism †¦with its multiplicity of divine powers, rituals of sacrifice, temples, statues of deities, votive offerings, and periodic festivals, therefore to become more popul ar with the people Christianity borrowed elements from the existing pagan religions so it could eventually replace them (Ferguson p.3). This method of drawing followers could be viewed as cut throat in retrospect, but it was tactics such as this combined with giving the people what they wanted that helped to make ChristianityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Sir Gawain And The Green Knight 1491 Words   |  6 Pagesthis heroic story. This encourages whoever is reading it to have a contrasting mindset because the story has not only Christian elements, but many pagan themes as well; it makes you wonder what type of story this really is. Many people speculate, however, whether the Gawain author could have been a monk because God was constantly being mentioned, Christmas was being portrayed, and there were valuable lessons to be learned when dealing with morals and values; all things associated with a devout personRead MoreChristmas Research Paper1774 Words   |  8 PagesThe Origin and History of Christmas Christmas is the most popular festival globally. Christmas is an occasion that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. The origin and the history of Christmas have pagan roots. It is said that the origin of Christmas began 2000 years ago when the birth of Christ took place. History mentions that Jesus was born to Joseph and Mary in a manger and it is said that a star guided the three Magi who traveled from the East to Jerusalem to shower gifts on baby Jesus. ItRead MoreChristmas in Ukraine878 Words   |  4 Pagessuch a paramount celebration as Christmas. For my research, I have interviewed Nadia, native-born Ukrainian, who told me the significance of this celebration in her family, their traditions and her own childhood memories and nostalgia. In Ukraine, Christmas is celebrated in a very special way, preparing to it carefully and keeping old traditions. Ukrainians have developed different rites and ceremonies, fasts and diets, Carrols and divinations to celebrate Christmas. To assi st my investigation I haveRead MoreScrooge in A Christmas Carol2375 Words   |  10 PagesThereof In a time in which the significance of Christmas gradually started to change, Charles Dickens, in accordance with these changes, wrote a Christmas tale: A Christmas Carol. The novella was published six days in advance of the Christmas celebrations of 1843; it was sold out three days later. Although a socially engaged narrative, Dickens’ work is not occupied with trivialities such as the introduction of Christmas cards; instead A Christmas Carol focuses on the transforming beliefs and valuesRead MoreThe Christmas Of The German Christmas Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesexplained to us how the Christmas was celebrated differently in the two countries. Here are some of the things I learned   There is a huge difference of how Christmas is celebrated in America and how it is celebrated in Germany. Many Christmas traditions that we have in America originated from Germany. The Christmas tree custom was brought to America by German immigrants. In America Christmas is celebrated on December 25th and in Germany it is celebrated on the 24th and the 25th. Christmas in America has beenRead MoreExploring Christmas Essay846 Words   |  4 PagesExploring Christmas As the year draws to an end, the holiday spirit is in the air (quite literally we are waiting for the actual ‘holiday’ to start) Well, jokes aside Christmas is surely just around the corner and the spirit of Christmas is once again present among us. But what is this ‘Spirit of Christmas’? In fact what is Christmas? When a person thinks of Christmas, the first thing that most probably comes to mind is the Christmas tree or Santa Claus or even presentsRead MoreThe Symbols Of A Christmas Lessol : A Christmas Carol1818 Words   |  8 PagesA Christmas Carol was published relatively early in his career, appearing in 1843 when Dickens was 31. The tale is one of a series of short stories on a subject that had long preoccupied its author: the importance of celebrating Christmas. One of Dickenss earliest published works was a defense of this holiday against its enemies, both religious, and irreligious. The former objected to the pagan unseemliness of feasting and frolicking in celebration of the birth of Christ. The latter objected to

Pathophysiology Of Coronary Artery Disease Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Heart onslaught has become a common family term in the United States, due to the fact that about 16 million American have been diagnosed with coronary arteria disease. Harmonizing to American Heart Association, an American dies every minute due to coronary arteria disease. Coronary arteria disease besides known coronary bosom disease or ischaemic bosom disease encompasses other pathologies, such as angina and myocardial infarction ( bosom onslaught ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Pathophysiology Of Coronary Artery Disease Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coronary arteria disease occurs when there is a narrowing of the coronary arterias, due to the development of plaques taking to cut down sums of oxygenated blood to the bosom. [ 2 ] Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart: – The bosom is an indispensable organ that is responsible for pumping blood all throughout the organic structure and providing it with O and foods. It is the cardinal hub for the cardiovascular system and acts as the conveyance system of the organic structure, which performs via electrical conductivity activity. The anatomy of the bosom is composed of many constructions, such as the four Chamberss: the right and left atria and ventricles, legion blood vass such as the aorta, the pneumonic arteria and vena, and the coronary arterias, four valves, three beds of tissue, etc. The aorta is the chief arteria that pumps the blood out of the bosom to the remainder of the organic structure ; the pneumonic arteria and vena conveyance oxygenated and deoxygenated blood receptively, and the coronary arterias make a Crown on the bosom musculus and provide the myocardium with oxygenated blood and foods. The valves in the bosom are responsible for forestalling backflow of blood and let the blood to go around in an unvarying manner. The electrical conductivity system of the bosom accounts for the whipping of the bosom leting it contract and act as the pump of the organic structure. [ 2, 3 ] Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease: – When the coronary arterias become occluded due to plaque construct up a status called coronary artery disease occurs. Atherosclerosis means tapered and hardening of the arterias taking to damage to the blood vass and is a major subscriber to many bosom diseases and upsets [ 4 ] . These atherosclerotic plaques are formed are from lipid and fat sedimentations, chiefly being cholesterin, which is a ground why diet is besides major hazard factor in developing coronary arteria disease. Arteries are composed of three beds: adventita, intima, and media ; the plaque tends to develop between the intima and media beds [ 5 ] . These atherosclerotic plaques narrow the lms of the arterias doing reduced sums of blood to make the bosom and overtime indurate them doing decrease flexibleness during vasoconstriction and vasodilatation [ 4 ] . Additionally, the atherosclerotic plaques can free doing thrombosis and ischaemic events [ 5 ] . When the coronary arterias ‘ map is compromised, the bosom does non have equal supply of oxygenated blood and foods doing lessening cardiac map. At times of emphasis, the organic structure will seek to antagonize these alterations to accomplish homeostasis, by working harder than normal ; nevertheless, drawn-out effort initiates a cascade to many disease procedures and pathologies, such as myocardiopathy, bosom failure, arrhythmias, cardiac apprehension, and classically myocardial infarction ( bosom onslaught ) [ 4 ] . Most patients of coronary arteria disease experience angina and/or myocardial infarction, or perchance decease. Hazard Factors of Coronary Artery Disease: – Coronary arteria disease tends to be the most common cause of decease and disablement in the United States. The chief hazard factors of coronary arteria disease are as follows: positive household history, physical inaction, hapless diet, smoking and/or intoxicant consumption, along with other diseases pathologies like high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterin, and fleshiness. A individual that has positive household history of bosom disease of a first grade relation is at greater hazard of developing coronary arteria disease [ 2 ] . Physical inaction, hapless diet, and fleshiness go manus in manus for developing coronary bosom disease. Obesity has become an epidemic that affects one in four Americans and consequences in many dangerous effects. Heart disease has become the cause of decease in industrialised states compare to developing states, due to sedentary life style and increased fast-food ingestion. The American Heart Association encourages patients to exert on a regular b asis and eat healthy and this besides accounts for better forecast of coronary arteria disease even if person has other hazard factors [ 2 ] . Research indicates that a diet that ‘s rich in omega 3-fatty acids, such as fish helps protect against vascular disease [ 2 ] . One of the most preventable hazard factors for any disease is smoking, and for cardiovascular disease it is the figure one preventable cause [ 2 ] . The World Health Organization states that 1 twelvemonth after surcease of smoke, the hazard of coronary arteria disease lessening by about half [ 2 ] . Additionally, increased age and sex are other lending factors to coronary arteria disease. Statistically, males are more likely to develop coronary bosom disease at an early age, nevertheless the hazard peers for both work forces and adult females after post-maturity. Other diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and/or hypercholesteremia combined with coronary arteria disease consequences dangerous effects, which it is why it ‘s recommended to maintain a close oculus on cholesterin, blood force per unit area and glucose degrees and checked on regular footing [ 2, 4 ] . Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease: – Most patients of coronary arteria disease are symptomless, whereas other patients can show with a assortment of symptoms such as: shortness of breath, stringency around the thorax, thorax hurting, Levine ‘s mark, or perchance decease [ 2 ] . Patients that exhibit symptoms tend have beforehand phases of harm to their coronary arterias [ 4 ] . Angina is the authoritative bosom hurting most patients complain about that is caused by ischaemia. Ischemia is the deficiency of O supply to a part of the bosom [ 4 ] . Patients can see angina at anytime, nevertheless classically it ‘s exhibited after a individual has been involved in an immaterial activity, such as exercising. Angina can be categorized as stable, unstable, or Prinzmetal ‘s ( discrepancy ) angina [ 2 ] . The Levine ‘s mark is the authoritative presentation of a bosom onslaught that most histrions in Hollywood portray, when they are holding a bosom onslaught, which is a clinching fist over their chest [ 1 ] . Complications of Coronary Artery Disease/ What is a bosom onslaught? Myocardial infarction occurs when the bosom is deprived of oxygenated blood because of rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque, ensuing in a province of ischaemia. Supply meets demand theory comes into drama, because the bosom is demanding oxygenated blood and foods, but the coronary arterias are unable to supply due to atherosclerosis construct up. The country of the bosom that the harm occurs to the bosom depends on the vass that are occluded, exhibiting a assortment of symptoms and/or complications [ 4 ] . For illustration, if the myocardial infarction occurs at the right atrium and upset the electrical conductivity activity of the SA node, it may do the patient to perchance endure from arrhythmias. Therefore, basically if a patient experiences a myocardial infarction at a peculiar part of the bosom that country will endure an ischaemic event and kills the bosom tissue hence doing it non-functional. Overall, a myocardial infarction has hapless forecast and tends to take to morbidity and mortality [ 2 ] . Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease: – Coronary arteria disease is a status that develops overtime ; therefore there are n’t any existent trials that can bespeak if a individual is enduring from coronary arteria disease [ 6 ] . Healthcare suppliers use patient ‘s history, physical test consequences, and assess hazard factors for developing coronary arteria disease [ 2, 6 ] . Electrocardiogram, emphasis testing, echocardiography, and research lab proving turn out to be the trial of pick by health care suppliers when analyzing patients that are at hazard of developing coronary arteria disease. Electrocardiograms besides know as an EKG or ECG detects the bosom ‘s electrical activity, beat, bosom rate, axis, and any unnatural expansions of the bosom [ 6 ] . An EKG is a speedy and painless trial and can state healthcare suppliers if the patient had or is holding a myocardial infarction [ 2, 6 ] . Stress testing can be induced by exercising or medicine for measuring ischaemia in a patient [ 2 ] . An echocardi ography ( echo ) utilizes sound moving ridges to supervise the bosom ‘s activity, including the size, form, and blood flow. Laboratory proving, such as blood trials are conducted on a regular footing to measure the degrees of cholesterin, sugar, and proteins such as inflammatory markers [ 2 ] . Other tools, such as chest X raies, angiography, antielectron emanation imaging ( PET ) , and cardiac cautery can be utilized for patients with greater hazard factors and/or beforehand phases of coronary arteria disease [ 2 ] . Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease: – Coronary arteria disease is a complex disease since it encompasses other pathologies ; nevertheless intervention options for coronary arteria disease tends to be simple at its early phases, such as lifestyle alterations. Patients are encouraged to partake in curative life style alterations ( TLC ) , such as day-to-day exercising, eating healthy well-balanced repasts, and emphasis and weight direction. A comprehensive TLC program besides helps command other diseases, such diabetes, high blood pressure and fleshiness [ 6 ] . The American Heart Association recommends patients with hazard factors to use the DASH diet, which encourages ingestion of fruit and veggies on a day-to-day footing, eating fish twice a hebdomad, restricting salt and intoxicant ingestion [ 5 ] . TLC helps cut down the hazard of bosom disease by take downing cholesterin and keeping a organic structure mass index ( BMI ) of less than 25, which is considered to be normal [ 6 ] . For advanced phases of coronary arteria disease medicine such as decoagulants, acetylsalicylic acid, beta-blockers, Ca channel blockers, and glyceryl trinitrates are prescribed to assist cut down symptoms, lower cholesterin and blood force per unit area, prevent blood coagulums [ 2, 6 ] . Aspirin is the taking medicine to assist alleviate angina and prevent myocardial infarction. Patients that have extended harm to their arterias or have experienced a myocardial infarction may necessitate medical processs, such as angioplasty or coronary arteria beltway grafting ( CABG ) [ 6 ] . Angioplasty or transdermal coronary intercession ( PCI ) is a medical process done to open blocked or narrowed coronary arterias [ 6 ] . Normally, people refer this medical process as holding a â€Å" stent † put in, which helps prevent future obstruction from happening. CABG is an extended surgical process done where physicians use blood vass from other countries of the organic structure that are n’t blocked to short-circuit narrow ed and damaged coronary arterias, therefore bettering the blood flow to the bosom [ 2, 6 ] . Overall, patient instruction proves to be the best intervention option to assist forestall coronary arteria disease. Decision: – Levine sign- ^A Edmondstone WM ( 1995 ) .A † Cardiac chest hurting: does organic structure linguistic communication help the diagnosing? â€Å" .A BMJA 311A ( 7021 ) : 1660-1.A PMCA 2539106.A PMIDA 8541748. Chapter 10 pg 341 CMDT Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 18 pg 662 ; Marieb/Hoehn Clinical Pathophysiology made laughably simple ; Berkowitz AHA Website- hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/Heart-Attack_UCM_001092_SubHomePage.jsp hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/ How to cite Pathophysiology Of Coronary Artery Disease Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Fiscal Policy in Emerging Markets †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Fiscal Policy in Emerging Markets. Answer: Alcoholic beverages demand and macroeconomic factors Demand for goods like alcoholic beverages is always subject to substantial policy debate. The hard and fast rule of demand cannot be applied here. This is because of ambiguous effect of the alcoholic beverage consumption. Demand for alcoholic beverages is important for different macroeconomic fields. The positive effect of higher demand is it has significant contribution in raising governments revenue in Canada (De Goeij et al., 2015). The revenue sources from this industry include monopoly liquor shop, licensing fees for new and existing liquor shop and imposed exercise duty on such items. Two factors need to be considered in determining alcoholic beverages demand in Canada. First is, in the last few years incidence of immigration has rapidly increased in Canada. This leads to some major demographic changes for Canadian population. The likely changes in demographic feature affect beverages demand. This is the reason for varying alcoholic beverages demand for different provinces of Canada. The next demand-influencing factor is that use of discriminatory policy for sales and advertising different types of beverages. The demand for different category of beverages is different. For example, people often prefer wines to beer or spirits because wine has a greater cardiovascular benefit. Demand for spirit is elastic whereas wine demand is inelastic in response to its own price. Sprit and Wine are often considered as substitutes though wine is more preferred than Spirit. On the other hand relation between beer and spirit is complement is nature. Wine demand has a relatively income elastic demand (Amlung MacKillop, 2015). Hence, alcoholic beverages are considered as a luxury item in Canada. There is an independent relation between alcohol demand and unemployment level in the economy. Oil price in Canada has experienced a 30% drop in the last two quarters of 2014. The sluggish oil market affects investments in major energy companies. Since, energy sector is an important determinant of economic growth, the events resulted in a negative growth in some territories of Canada in the beginning of 2015. The downturn in the energy sector continued in 2015 and 2016 results in a continuous trend of slower growth. The projected growth rate was even lower than 2.2% (Smith, 2017). Globalization brings some changes in the structure of Canadian economy. Associated computer revolution in Canada had rapidly changed profession trend among Canadian workers. The direct effect of occupation is on the income of people. The distribution of income in Canadian Society has changed in favor of richer population. Share of total income going to the richest section of the society has increased while the share to bottom 40% has declined. To recover from sluggish economic growth trend, Canada has increased its reliance on the external sector. Depreciation of Canadian currency indicates export enhancement of the nation. Another challenge that the economy is facing is the rising debt of the Canadian government. With a increase in the flow of immigrants, government expenditure has increased significantly to provide different facilities to its citizen. Canada is making slow progress in improving its unemployment rate. The average unemployment rate in Canada from 1966 to 2017 is 7.69 (Agnor, Flamini, 2016). Unemployment rate slightly improved in the month of July than that prevailing in June. Alcoholic beverages industry in Canada experiences an overall rising trend. As recorded in 2011, total alcoholic drink sales had increased by 4% in Canada. However, depending on macroeconomic factors there are variations among demand for different alcoholic beverages. The three main alcohol items are beer, wine and spirits. Demand for beer increase very rapidly as compared to Wine and Spirit. This is because of sluggish economic growth leading to a decline in peoples income. To compensate rising government debt Canadian government imposes heavy exercise duty. However, having an inelastic demand for beer and Spirit among Canadian population, the demand for these products does not reduce. With a rising inequality, rich people in Canada become richer. Demand for Wine comes from this group as it is a luxury item. In the total sales, contribution of imported Wine is approximately 70% (Gilmore et al., 2016). This explains why despite having a relatively small domestic wine industry both preference and retail sales in Canada is growing. The consumption pattern as evidenced in Canada supports the relation of alcoholic beverages and macroeconomic factors found earlier. Increase in consumption despite imposing a heavy exercise duty support the fact of relatively inelastic demand for beer and spirit. Increasing Wine demand from richer class explain that it is a luxury factor. From the tax imposed on alcoholic beverages government has earned significant revenue. Nearly 85% of the government revenue is generated from exercise duty on tobacco and liquor (agr.gc.ca 2017). Canada in the recent years has seen substantial economic activities, both positive and negative. The economy has shown impressive growth trends in different economic and non-economic aspects. The monetary policies, as designed by the Canadian government, had contributed significantly in the economys growth. It can be seen from the above graph that the economy of Canada has grown substantially in the last few years. Though the economy faced a negative growth rate in its Gross Domestic Product, in the year 2015 and in the second half of 2016, the economy bounced back with immense vigor during the first quarters of 2017. The growth rate of GDP had past all expectations during the first half of the current year embarking the economy on a path of economic progress. However, if seen in details, the economy portrays several flaws, much of which has been due to the implementations of fiscal and monetary policies which were not in synchronization to each other. It is seen that the economy had taken a rather expansionary monetary policy framework, which has significantly contributed to the economic growth of the country in the recent period. The expansionary monetary policy framework included a general low interest rate maintenance by the economy, which stimulated consumption expenditure, loans by both commercial and public banks and a rise in the level of investments in the economy, facilitating economic growth. However, during this period, the economy did not emphasize much on the fiscal policy framework, thereby making it incapable to run at par with the robust monetary activities. This has been a wrong doing on part of the Canadian government, as the stability in any economy depends more on the fiscal policy framework rather than the monetary framework as the latter is by nature more fluctuating, volatile and more vulnerable to external influences (Ferede Dahlby, 2012). This becoming one of the primary reason for future threat of the growth rate taking a backseat, has become one of the primary concern for the Canadian Government and the policy makers, in the recent period. The monetary policies reaching their extreme and having been done all that they could have for the economy, the Government of Canada is likely to reform its fiscal policy framework largely, especially in the short run. The fiscal and monetary policies, which are likely to be taken by the government, are discussed below: Anti-Inflationary Policy Mix- Due to an expansionary monetary policy targeting increased consumption and investment expenditures, both public and private, the inflation level of the country has increased significantly within a short span of last quarter of 2016 to the first quarter of 2017: It is evident from the above graph that inflation rising significantly, anti-inflationary measures have been becoming a necessity for the Government. A policy mix of appropriate monetary can effectively control inflation and fiscal policy, with special emphasize on the latter. With a contracting monetary policy, corrective fiscal measures for increasing production in an overall basis are required to bring the price levels down (Weale et al., 2015). Employment Generation- The country requires to create employment scopes to eradicate the problem under-utilization of resources. To improve the economic conditions of any economy, generation of proper employment opportunities are important as this is consequence improves the overall standard level of the residents of the economy, thereby bringing in sustainability (Weale et al., 2015). Imposing Import Restrictions- One of the ways to combat high price levels in Canada, is producing more goods and services domestically and restricting foreign imports (which can be cheap substitutes to the former ones) as far as possible. In the light of the current inflationary pressure on the economy, the Canadian Government is likely impose stricter excise duties and excise on foreign imports, especially on those goods which are not products of primary consumptions and investments (Kopits, 2013). The current exchange rate of Mexican Peso and Canadian Dollar is 14.29:1, that is 1 Canadian Dollar is nominally equal to 14.29 Mexican Peso. Increasing the exchange rate can help in keeping inflation in control; however, decreasing it may result in a decrease in the unemployment levels (Bahmani-Oskooee, Bolhassani Hegerty, 2012). Given the current economic situations of Canada, the expected monetary and fiscal policy implementations, may have significant impact on the sales of tequila spirits of the two Mexican companies: Spirits being highly price elastic, if the Canadian Government imposes excise on spirits, the demand for spirits can reduce significantly, as the consumers will shift to other options like beer or wine, both having much lesser price elasticity as compared to spirit, thereby creating losses for the concerned companies (Stockwell, 2012). An increase in the employment may imply indirectly a shift of the consumer base, at least a large part of it, towards better options like wine, as the consumers become lesser rice sensitive. This may indirectly imply loss in the market share of spirits that are exported by the companies. In the above scenario, if the Canadian Dollar sales price of tequila remains the same, there are not much prospects the Mexican tequila exporters earn greater revenue from selling their products in the Canadian markets. This is because if the expected reforms take place in the policy framework of the country, the spirit sector is expected to lose a significant share of its clientele to other forms of liquor like wine (Bahmani-Oskooee, Bolhassani Hegerty, 2012). References Agnor, P. R., Flamini, A. (2016).Institutional Mandates for Macroeconomic and Financial Stability(No. 231). Economics, The Univeristy of Manchester. Amlung, M., MacKillop, J. (2015). Further evidence of close correspondence for alcohol demand decision making for hypothetical and incentivized rewards.Behavioural processes,113, 187-191. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., Bolhassani, M., Hegerty, S. (2012). Exchange-rate volatility and industry trade between Canada and Mexico.The Journal of International Trade Economic Development,21(3), 389-408. Consumer Trends - Wine, Beer and Spirits in Canada - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC). (2017).Agr.gc.ca. Retrieved 30 August 2017, from https://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/industry-markets-and-trade/foreign-market-information-by-region/canada/consumer-trends-wine-beer-and-spirits-in-canada/?id=1422297046469 De Goeij, M. C., Suhrcke, M., Toffolutti, V., van de Mheen, D., Schoenmakers, T. M., Kunst, A. E. (2015). How economic crises affect alcohol consumption and alcohol-related health problems: a realist systematic review.Social Science Medicine,131, 131-146. Ferede, E., Dahlby, B. (2012). The impact of tax cuts on economic growth: evidence from the Canadian provinces.National Tax Journal,65(3), 563. Gilmore, W., Chikritzhs, T., Stockwell, T., Jernigan, D., Naimi, T., Gilmore, I. (2016). Alcohol: taking a population perspective.Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Kirby, J. (2017).Canadas 50 most important economic charts for 2016.Canadian Business - Your Source For Business News. Retrieved 30 August 2017, from https://www.canadianbusiness.com/economy/canadas-50-most-important-economic-charts-for-2016/ Kopits, M. G. (2013).Rules-based fiscal policy in emerging markets. International Monetary Fund. Smith, G. W. (2017). Economic Research in Canada: Evolution and Convergence. Stockwell, T., Auld, M. C., Zhao, J., Martin, G. (2012). Does minimum pricing reduce alcohol consumption? The experience of a Canadian province.Addiction,107(5), 912-920. Tradingeconomics.com. (2017).Canada GDP Growth Rate | 1961-2017 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast.Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 30 August 2017, from https://tradingeconomics.com/canada/gdp-growth Weale, M., Blake, A., Christodoulakis, N., Meade, J. E., Vines, D. (2015).Macroeconomic policy: inflation, wealth and the exchange rate(Vol. 8). Routledge.

A Single Mom and School.

A Single Mom and School. A Single Mom and SchoolI am a twenty-eight year old single parent. I have four children, three boys and agirl, their ages are eleven, eight, five, and one. My life is pretty hectic. I love mychildren more than anything in the world, I would not send them back now if I could.But, sometimes I can't help but thinking how different and easier my life would be if Iwould have waited until I accomplished my goals. Sometimes I sit, looking around at thepeople who are younger than me, and I think that this was supposed to be what I amdoing, or should have done. Since I am twenty-eight I should have been graduated fromcollege. I envy those who were able to go straight to college after high school and get tolive on campus. I was not able to experience, the "college life".Nursing HomeI wanted to go to ClarkState in Atlanta, Ga. but was unable to because I had a child.I had my first son at the age of sixteen; I was a junior in high school. My motherwas furious and my father didn't talk to me for a long time. Everyone was convinced thatI would not graduate from high school, and make anything of myself. But I had otherPlans, for my family. It really disappointed me that they had not faith in me. I wasdetermined to prove all of them wrong. I graduated from high school, I went to atechnical school for Medical Assisting. It was a ten month program. Mainly I chose thatschool because it was convenient to home. I also had a friend that I went to high schoolwith that was attending the school also. Since she had a car and...

How to Write an Education Essay 5 Hacks to Rock at College

How to Write an Education Essay 5 Hacks to Rock at College For anyone interested in getting top marks in English grammar or the Use of English courses, having an extensive knowledge on how to write an excellent essay on diverse subject matters is an important prerequisite for success. Now is the time to drop your lackadaisical approach to writing, by recognizing the fact that college essays really matter and the writing expertise you gain during college will definitely serve you well throughout the rest of your life. Therefore, in order to provide you with a nudge in the right part when drafting an essay, here are 5 timely tips on how to write an education essay guaranteed to get you the top scores you desire. Get Started by Brainstorming.  A thorough understanding of the topic or subject matter you intend to write an essay about is definitely the first thing you must do before putting pen to paper. Therefore, it is your first responsibility as a writer to do an extensive research covering your topic in its entirety. This helps you get your facts right as well as plan a good argument or discussion when finally drafting your paper. Develop Three Structured Parts.  An essay is a structured piece written to make points that either educate your audience or pass a message across to the reader. Therefore, a well-written essay must follow a defined structure which helps the reader follow your train of thought effortlessly.   A college essay should begin with an introduction discussing the reason for the essay and what it intends to achieve. This should be followed by a ‘body’ that takes into consideration the facts and figures used in developing the reasoning pattern introduced in the introductory section. Lastly, a conclusion which summarizes your intent as well as the argument made must be included to round-off an essay that rocks. Your First Draft Should Flow From the Heart.  Once you have garnered enough knowledge and have created an outline on how you intend your essay to be developed, the next step is starting on the first draft using the knowledge gained and your instincts to speak directly from the heart. This procedure lets the reader truly experience your feelings as they spill over into the contents of your essay. Speaking directly from the heart also eliminates the possibility of plagiarizing the contents you used in educating yourself. Ensure You Receive Feedback.  As a college student, it is expected that you have some access to excellent essay writers either among your family/friends or authority figures in your school. This tip focuses on leveraging your relationship with experienced essay writers by getting them to read your thoughts and provide you with constructive feedback on how it can be made better. Do not be ashamed to consider asking for help as it is one of the best ways to grow as a writer. Proofread and Make Corrections.  By now, you must have heard of editors and the role they play in fine-tuning written works. Even your favorite writer who you believe is above reproach works with editors who proofreads and make corrections to the structure and language patterns of their best novels. Therefore, it is also important that you take to heart the advice given to you in ‘tip 4’ and use them to correct any perceived errors in your essay. This is how you should write an excellent essay on the topic of education that we’ve covered in our 20 topic piece and don’t you forget our 10 facts on the importance of education for a college essay. We hope it will help you achieve the mastery that gets your writing skills recognized by both your peers and colleagues throughout your stay in school.

Vicarious Liability Module 3 ( CASE) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vicarious Liability Module 3 ( CASE) - Essay Example For instance, it is the employers of any organization who are duly considered to be accountable for the unlawful activities performed by their respective personnel. Conversely, the term corporate liability denotes the employers or the administrative officials of a particular firm who are held liable for performing varied illegal actions rather than the individual personnel and the employees (Anselmi, 2012). One of the mistakes, which can be apparently identified in the case of â€Å"Norton v. Argonaut Insurance Co.† is the inappropriate use of the medication plan. In this context, the negligence activity performed by the nurse in terms of administering the medication plan appropriately, which resulted overdose of the medicines, eventually caused death of the infant. In context to the above discussed case, it can be indicated that the notion of vicarious liability might be applied (Leagle, Inc., 2014). As the administrator or the chief of nursing, I would like to follow certain steps for preventing such happening of mistake again. In this regard, one of such steps I will desire to implement is providing effective training to the staff. This would include a program of remaining stress free within the healthcare environment. Moreover, apart from this step, I would also try to make sure that every nurse within the organization must take valuable advices of the senior officials while catering to the requirements of the patients. In ancient times, there does not lay adequate level of valuable resources in providing effective care to the patients. Moreover, the technology was not upgraded, which eventually resulted the occurrence of such sort of mistake. However, in this present day context, the increased extent of globalization and adoption along with execution of pioneering technological advancements have lessened such kind of mistake as compared to the earlier years. It has been witnessed that

What main objectives did the British and Russian Empires pursue in the Research Paper

What main objectives did the British and Russian Empires pursue in the course of the Great Game in Central Asia and Afghanistan - Research Paper Example This rivalry spanned years and periods in the lives of the people affected by the rivalry. It also went through different phases in for the countries concerned. This paper shall now discuss the objectives which the British and Russian Empires had in the course of the Great Game in Central Asia and Afghanistan. It shall provide the historical beginnings of the rivalry, including its highlights and significant events. It shall also discuss the significant objectives which the empires had in the Great Game. It shall also highlight the rivalry of the empires in Afghanistan and in Central Asia, as well as the impact and the overall goals achieved in these nations by these empires. Body Britain and Russia were involved in a major rivalry in Central Asia at the start of the nineteenth century; this went on to the early 1900s (Szczepanski, 2011). Much of Britain’s reasons for wanting control and influence over Central Asia have been tied in with its goal to establish a British India. Russia, on the other hand, was seeking to increase its territory as a means of establishing the largest empire in the world, and if gaining India from Britain would ensure this goal then it was willing to secure any means to conquer India (Szczepanski, 2011). ... This convention also set forth the border zone between these two empires, and later declared Afghanistan part of the British protectorate. Despite the establishment of this convention, the relationship between these two empires remained strained and tension-filled. This tension was somehow minimized when these territories allied with each other during the First World War. Specific details of this â€Å"Great Game† shall be discussed forthwith. In the latter part of the 19th century, the Russian and British Empire showed stirrings of a conflicting and tense meet-up. As Russia was expanding its power and territories to its east and southern borders, Britain’s power over its empire and territories was being threatened (Johnson, 2006). When British interests in India were also threatened, Britain became fully determined to secure its interests. This period marked a major rivalry between these two empires, and this ‘Great Game’ became clearly apparent in Europe and well into the Far Eastern region of Asia (Johnson, 2006). Prompted by Russia’s seeming interest in India, Britain increased its military activities in Afghanistan and Tibet, and many of these military activities were often disastrous for the countries involved (Johnson, 2006). From the early 18th to mid-19th centuries, Russia exercised its power over India which was then under British control. The Russians were not able to gain as much progress in terms of empirical conquests in the 1700s and 1800s, but in the 19th century, they were seriously posing a threat on India. The distance between the British and Russian empires was also starting to close in, and both empires were now aiming to conquer as much land as the land that lay between

Information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Information system - Essay Example (BBC 2008) Technology implies something scientific in a broader definition of the word. But for the commercial and industrial world, technology means information technology – an all embracing term that cover all aspects of information systems, technological or not, within a business. The initial funding of 300 million euros for the European Institute of Technology in Budapest is a testament to such fact and the institution prioritizes IT project along with renewable energy. (BBC) The BBC report highlighted that in pooling the expertise of universities, research bodies and businesses, the institute will play a prominent role in the European Union’s strategy of promoting jobs, growth and competitiveness. Because of what it does, technology is crucial to business. There are two main reasons: First, without effective use of technology, an organization cannot sustain any competitive position and, secondly, technology-driven innovation becomes the only viable route to long term growth. In integrating information technology, for instance, to the overall business strategy, the ability to lower cost and make profits are enhanced. It plays a vital role in corporate success because it enhances business strategies by making their execution faster, more efficient and effective, and more responsive to customer needs and market conditions. Just as the BBC report cited in this paper highlighted for us, technology is no longer solely an opportunity for companies; it has become a requirement and standard in order for them to

New Ternary Fe-Ni-Cu Invar Alloys Preparation

New Ternary Fe-Ni-Cu Invar Alloys Preparation Preparation and Characterization of New Ternary Fe-Ni-Cu Invar alloys S Ahmada, A B Ziya[1], a, A Ibrahimb, S Atiqb, N Ahmada and F Bashirc Abstract. Six alloys of Fe65Ni35-xCux(x= 0, 0.2, 0.6, 1, 1.4, 1.8 at.%) have been prepared by conventional arc-melting technique and characterized by utilizing in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a range from room temperature to 773 K for determination of phase. The studies show that these alloys form face centered cubic (FCC) throughout the investigated temperature range. The X-ray integrated intensities of various reflections were used to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion ÃŽ ±(T), mean square amplitude of vibrations and characteristic Debye temperature ÃŽËœD. The ternary substitution of copper has a minor effect on the lattice parameter but the Debye temperature ÃŽËœD is found to decrease with the increase of copper content in the alloy. The coefficients of thermal expansion ÃŽ ±(T) were found to be comparable to those for conventional Fe-Ni invar alloys. Keywords:  Invar alloys; lattice parameters; thermal expansion; X-ray diffraction Introduction Iron rich invar alloys have been of keen interest for researchers and developers, for their own reasons and interests, since their discovery in 1898 Guillaume and Hebd (1987) because of their unique set of properties labeled as invar anomaly or invar effect. A number of theories and models have been postulated to explain these deviations in the behavior of these alloys from other materials but still there are many queries unresolved Sanyal and Bose (2000); Iwase et al (2003); Matsushima et al (2006); Goria et al (2010); Yichun et al (2009); Tabakovic et al (2010); Pepperhoff et al (2001); Duffaut et al (1990); Matsushita et al (2008). One of the most important property of these alloys that made them most sought for material for applications in especially the electrical/ electronic precision instruments is their very low coefficient of thermal expansion around room temperature as compared to other metals and alloys. But, these materials also have their limitations and to overcome them , the researchers have either made ternary additions to the basic alloy or have turned their focus onto other combinations of elements termed as invar type Ono et al (2007); Matsushita et al (2004); Gorria et al (2006); Zhichao et al (2002); Rongjin et al (2010); Kaji et al (2004); Matsushita et al (2009); Matsushita et al (2007). For example, in some electrical/electronic applications another important property required in candidate material is good electrical conductivity. Iron based invar alloys cannot be grouped as good electrical conductors. Consequently, to develop invar alloys that exhibit inherent low coefficient of expansion and comparatively better electrical conductivity, ternary additions of elements like copper have been studied Stolk et al (1999); Bernhard et al. (1987). Not to mention such addition is expected to decrease the manufacturing cost. Many research groups have undertaken the study of effect of addition of copper onto invar properties of binary iron nickel a lloys but lacked correlation between the copper addition to change or no change in invar properties. This study has been carried out to correlate the invar effect to ternary addition of copper to base iron nickel invar alloy by replacing nickel with copper and to determine thermal properties of the newly developed alloys for comparison with same properties of binary invar alloys. Experimental methods For this study, one binary Fe65Ni35 (subscript indicates atomic percent of the element) and five ternary Fe65Ni35-xCux where x was selected to be equal to 0.2, 0.6, 1, 1.4 and 1.8 were prepared. High purity elements (>99.9%) were weighed and combined on water cooled hearth of a vacuum arc melter. The process was carried in 600 mbar argon atmosphere created after evacuating the chamber to 10-5 mbar pressure. The alloys were melted several times to ensure thorough mixing of the ingredients. To ensure homogeneity, the samples were then heated under vacuum in a Nebertherm furnace at 1273 K approximately for one hundred and seventy hours. Homogenized samples were then weighed as well as chemically analyzed and found to be well within the selected range of set composition. Each sample was then cold rolled to about 0.2 mm thickness and then heated at 1273 K for four hours to remove rolling stresses. Samples of suitable dimensions were then cut from each strip for characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XRD was carried out in a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer equipped with MRI high temperature chamber fitted with PtRh heater element. Operating conditions for the X-ray tube were set at 40 kV and 40 mA. The diffraction patterns were recorded in the step scan mode in the 2ÃŽ ¸-range from 20 to 120o with a step of 0.01o. The in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction of all samples was carried out in 10-6 mbar vacuum with Ni-filtered CuK radiation from room temperature to 473 K with a step of 20 K and thereon with a step of 50 K till 773 K. DSC of all samples was carried out on SBT-Q600 differential scanning calorimeter from room temperature to 1473 K at a heating rate of 20 K/minute under argon atmosphere. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Structure and lattice parameters DSC scans of the six selected invar alloys were measured (not shown here). No sharp exothermal or endothermal peak was observed in the investigated temperature range, it is thus assumed that the samples were single phase. Room temperature XRD patterns of binary classical invar alloy of Fe65Ni35 and ternary alloys of Fe65Ni35-xCux (x=0.2, 0.6, 1, 1.4 and 1.8) are shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that all alloys are single phase and possess face centered cubic (FCC) lattice structure in confirmation to already published data on similar alloy systems Ono et al. (2007). The lattice parameters of the samples under study were determined by the extrapolation of lattice parameters for all reflections against Nelson-Riley function to minimize the random errors Ziya et al (2006). The values of calculated lattice parameters are given in Table 1. It can be seen that copper addition to the binary composition causes marginal decrease in the lattice parameter as expected because the copper with sm aller atomic radii replaced nickel atoms in the structure of relatively larger radius. 3.2 Thermal parameters To investigate invar effect in the newly developed alloys, it was planned to measure / calculate three major thermal properties / parameters vis-à  -vis temperature; namely, coefficient of thermal expansion, Debye temperature and mean square amplitude of vibration. The results obtained for each of them are discussed in succeeding sub sections. 3.2.1 Thermal expansion To investigate invar effect in these newly developed alloys, high temperature XRD technique was employed. A common observation from the scans of all the samples was that these samples are single phase alloys and no phase change occurred in any of the alloy up to scan temperature (773 K). This observation is consistent with the results of DSC measurements. One of the major parameter relating to invar effect is coefficient of thermal expansion which is primarily a reflection of change in lattice parameter with temperature. Temperature dependence of lattice parameter was calculated for each sample from the high temperature XRD data collected during this study. Scan at smaller step, 20 K up to 473 K and then larger step of 50 K to the maximum temperature, 773 K was set based upon the results published in literature for similar type of invar alloys. For calculation purpose data pertaining to (311) peak of binary alloy, (220) peak of Fe65Ni34.8Cu0.2 and (400) peak for all other composition was used. Selection of these peaks was solely made due to their better temperature dependence over the entire temperature range. It can be seen that in all the samples the lattice parameter almost remains unchanged up to about 473 K and there onward, the lattice parameter increases negligibly to a maximum of about 0.004 Aà Ã‚ ¦ at the maximum test tempe rature. However, the effect of increase in temperature on increase in lattice parameter in binary alloy is gradual and almost linear whereas, in ternary alloys, the increase in lattice parameter up to 473 K is insignificant but beyond this temperature it is visible and becomes steep with increase in copper content. Coefficient of thermal expansion ÃŽ ±(T) was then calculated by least square fitting the calculated lattice parameter data to second degree polynomial: ÃŽ ±(T) = A + BT + CT2 Where constant A represents lattice parameter of alloy at absolute zero, while B is the linear term coefficient and C represents the nonlinear term. The calculated values of ÃŽ ±(T) and these constants are tabulated in Table 2 whereas ÃŽ ±(T) versus temperature is plotted in figure 2. It was found that no appreciable change occurs in the thermal coefficient (ÃŽ ±) with temperature which is in line with the conclusion from the lattice parameter calculations. Further, the values of thermal coefficient ÃŽ ±(T) calculated in this study match very well to the values reported earlier for Fe-Cu alloys by other researchers such as (Goria et al. 2004 ). He (Goria et al. 2004) has reported ÃŽ ± (T) for said alloys in the range of 3Ãâ€"10-6K-1 at a temperature of 350 K whereas in the present study same value of ÃŽ ±(T) has been found up to the temperature of 450 K. Based upon above presented results and their analysis it can be concluded that these ternary alloys possess invar characteristics up to test temperature range. 3.2.2  The Debye temperatures and the mean square amplitudes of vibration Debye temperature is usually determined from the slope of ln(Iobs/Ical) versus temperature curves which is then subsequently used to find mean square amplitude of vibrations. Detailed procedure is already presented elsewhere [30]. Accordingly, the ratio of the observed and calculated intensities for each composition over the investigated temperature range was determined for selected Bragg reflections after stripping KÃŽ ±2-components from peak intensity. The peaks selected were (200) for binary, 0.2 at.% Cu and 1.4 at.% Cu containing alloys, (220) for 0.6 at.% Cu and (400) for 1 at.% and 1.8 at.% Cu containing alloys. Again the reflection lines were selected based on their relatively better dependence on temperature and integrated intensities were then determined from selected data by employing a line profile fit software. The results are presented in figure 3. It may be noted that for alloy containing 1.8 at.% Cu, the intensity data below 350 K has not been included because of exces sive scatter. Apart from this exception, for all other compositions and temperatures the points lie well along the fitted line. Debye temperature(ÃŽËœD) was then determined and plotted for all samples over the test temperature range in figure 4. First of all, these values have been found to be in close concurrence to those reported in literature (Gorria et al. 2009). In addition, from the comparison of these curves with each other two major facts can be deduced; firstly, the value of ÃŽËœD decreases as the amount of copper in the alloy increases, secondly up to the temperature of 473 K, ÃŽËœD for each composition remains almost unaffected by the increase in temperature. However, beyond this temperature and up to the maximum increased temperature, the value of ÃŽËœD decreases. These observations are in line with earlier findings that in these alloys invar effect is present up to 473 K because increase in length due to anharmonicity is compensated with magnetostricion. Furthermore, de crease in ÃŽËœD value both with increase in Cu contents as well as increase in test temperature indicates softening of the material. Mean square amplitude of vibrations ( was then calculated from the ÃŽËœD values as explained in reference (Ziya and Ohshima 2006). The result is tabulated in Table 3. Again the results indicate that there is very slight variation in with increase in temperature for every alloy composition. 4.  Conclusions Effect of copper addition in different percentages to binary iron nickel invar alloy has been investigated through in-situ XRD over a temperature range of 298 to 773 K. Thermal properties, i.e. the coefficient of thermal expansion, Debye temperature and mean square amplitude of vibrations of each of the ternary alloy has been determined and compared to the binary invar alloy prepared for this study as well as with the results published by other researchers for similar alloys. The results indicate that the newly developed ternary alloys exhibit Invar effect up to added copper contents although the temperature range is marginally decreased with the increase in copper contents. References Bernhard H, Volker B, and Jurgen H 1987 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 70 423 Duffaut F and Tiers J-F 1990, Industerial application of Invar, J. Written(Ed), The Invar Effects, TMS, Palo Alto, CA, P. 238 Guillaume Ch. E and Hebd C R 1987 Seances Acad. Sci. 125 235 Goria P , Martinez-Blanco D, Jesus A B, Ronald I S 2010 J. Alloys and Compounds 495 495 Gorria P, Martinez-Blanco D, Iglesias R, Palacios S L, Perez M J, Blanco J A, Barquin F, Hernanddo A, Gonzalez M A 2006 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 300 229 Gorria P , Martinez-Blanco D, Blanco J A, Hernando A, Garitaonandia J S, Barquin L F ,Campo J and Ronald I S 2004 Phys Rev B 69 214421 Gorria P, Martinez-Blanco D, Blanco J A, Maria J P, Hernando A, Maria A L, Daniel H, Souza-Neto N, Ronald I S, Marshall W G, Garbarino G, Mezouar M, Fernandez-Martinez A, Chaboy J, Barquin L F, Rodriguez Castrillon J A, Moldovan M, Garcia A J, Zhang J, Liobet A and Jiang J S 2009 Phys Rev B 80 06442 Iwase A, Hamatani Y, Mukomoto Y, Ishikawa N, Chimi Y, Kambara T, C.Muller C, R. Neumann, Ono F 2003 Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 209 323 Kaji S, Chiyoda S, Saito R, Oomi G, Yoshimura M, Tokunaga A and Kagayama T 2004 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 272-276 792 Liu Y, Lei L, Jiake L, Shen B, Wenbin Hu 2009 J. Alloys and Compounds 478 750 Lu Z, Dern L, and Junyi L 2002 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 239 502 Matsushima Y, Sun N Q, Kanamitsu H, Matsushita M , Iwase A, Chimi Y, Ishikawa N, Kambara T and Ono F 2006 J. of Mag and Mag. Mat 298 14 Matsushita M, Inoue T, Yoshimi I, Kawamura T, Kono Y, Irifun T, Kikgaw T, Ono F 2008 Phy Rev B 77 064429 Matsushita M, Endo S, Miura K, and Ono F 2004 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 269 393 Matsushita M, Ogiyama H and Ono F 2009 J of Mag and Mag. Mat 321 595 Matsushita M, Endo S and Ono F 2007 J of Mag and Mag. Mat 310 1861 Ono F, Matsushima Y, Chimi Y, Ishikawa N, Kambara T, Iwase A 2007 J. Mag and Mag. Mat 310 1864 Ono F, Chimi Y, Ishikawa N, Kanamitsu H, Matsushita Y, Iwase A, and Kambara T 2007 Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 257 402 Pepperhoff W and Acet M 2001 Constitution and Magnetism of Iron and its Alloys, Springer, Berlin p. 106 Rongjin, Huang, Zhixiong W , Xinxin C, Huihui Y, Zhen C and Laifeng L 2010 Solid stat sci 12 1977 Sanyal S and Bose S K 2000 Phy. Rev. B 62 12730 Stolk J and Manthiram A 1999 Mat. Sci and Eng. B 60 112 Tabakovic I, Inturi V, Thurn J and Kief M 2010 electchem. Acta. 55 6749 Ziya A B and Ohshima K 2006 J. alloys and compound 425 123 [1] To whom all correspondence should be addressed; Email: [emailprotected] Tel. No.: +92-61-9239942; Fax: +92-61-9210068

The Lord of the Flies :: Free Essay Writer

The Lord of the Flies William Golding uses much symbolism in his novel, The Lord of the Flies, to help readers gain a greater understanding of his message. He uses symbolism in three important areas: objects that have symbolic value as references to ideas, characters that symbolize important historical and religious people, and the setting which frames the conflicts on the island in comparison to the whole world. Objects are the first part of the story that are symbolic. Many objects in The Lord of the Flies have important symbolic value. The conch shell represents power and authority, and Ralph uses it to call for the boys to come to meetings. Whoever has the shell has the power to talk. The conch shows how people use objects to give power, like a crown, sceptre, or other thins that show who has power. We also learn that objects don’t really give power when people choose not to obey it, like Ralph’s conch. The pig’s head, or Lord of the Flies, is an important object. To Jack it is a sacrifice for the beast. This object shows that people will make religions and rituals to control their world, even when what they think is not true. The Lord of the Flies is also a symbol of Satan, or the Devil. When Simon talked with the Lord of the Flies, he learned what the real evil was, which is the evil in people’s hearts. The Lord of the Flies is a symbol of the things we make up to be the cause for evil, when those things aren’t the real reason. The fire is a symbol of hope and rescue. When the fire was burning bright, it was because the boys were working hard to get rescued. When the fire burnt out, it was because many boys, like Jack, didn’t care anymore about being rescued. In the end, the fire that got them rescued was not meant for rescue. It was there because Jack was burning down the island to kill Ralph. This shows us that we get things from luck instead of hard work. The objects in the story are used by characters that also have symbolism. The many different characters on the island are symbols of important people. They show how the real world is made up of people. Ralph is a good leader who cannot control bad people like Jack. Ralph is like Franklin Roosevelt before World War II who could not stop the war from breaking out.

How does Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman reflect society at the time? Essay

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller deals with one mans struggle in achieving success and how outside influences such as money, family and even society influence an individual. Willy Loman’s tragic character has a lot of depth to it, and to therefore understand such depth we must look in to the society that is around him and indeed the playwright Arthur Miller. Willy Loman is set apart from the rest of society as he relies upon a different set of values and motivations everyone else rests on. From the time, that Death of a Salesman was written there were many accounts on how America was going through a post war social and economic upheaval. It was not only Arthur Miller but also Tennessee Williams who began creating a series of protest plays whilst working with radical theatre companies. The history that had gone before them formed many of the major themes that defined their characters along with the explanation of the social pressure that is exerted on them. Dignity loss and self-assurance that Miller saw as one legacy of the social crash that without a doubt left a mark on Miller, which can be seen in his creation of the character Willy Loman. This included the sense that promises made by a society that seemed so secure were betrayed. The barrier that prevented the world from becoming chaotic became fragile with the betrayal of the promises that were made. Greed for success has eaten in to the minds of countless individuals especially those who fled to America in order to achieve â€Å"The American dream†. People in this civilisation are desperate to climb and do whatever it takes to achieve success no matter which they hurt in the process, this is particularly evident in the character of Willy Loman as his want of money consumes him up until the point he shamelessly commits suicide. It can be argued that Willy Loman does not choose this destructive dream because it is forced upon him by society. The ideas that epitomize the American Dream are that which Willy Loman constantly tries to achieve; wealth, fame and overall success. The play of Death of a Salesman on the surface appears to be about one man’s quest in becoming a well-liked salesman. On some levels, Willy feels as if he is obligated to fulfil this dream that society has inflicted, however looking at his character in depth it is Willy who feels trapped by this dream. The American dream is presented as â€Å"the† dream to have with no other been being acceptable. Willy’s true dream resurfaces at certain points within the play, the dream that has been forced in to his almost subconscious mind; living on his own in the country were he can raise his family and live off the land. This dream only resurfaces when the dream he is trying to achieve (The American Dream) does not go according to plan, for instance when Willy plants seeds in his garden. Willy’s true dream is the same dream that his son Biff wishes to achieve in the climax of the play. It is Willy that makes this dream seem impossible for Biff to achieve as he is forcing him in to the false dream of the well liked salesman. Willy’s death at the end of the play appears to be out of love for his family. He does this so that his family can have his life insurance thus completing the dream of being wealthy, he continues to have the hope that he will complete the false dream that he is living. Another prime reason for Willy Loman to carry out his own death is that he will free his sons of the burden to finish the unfulfilled dream, therefore setting them free to create his own dreams. This reflects society again as in the time that parents have continuously been pressured in to encouraging their child to succeed in life. Mike Lesage makes the very powerful statement it was society who stripped him of his dignity, piece by piece. It was society who stripped him of his lifestyle, and his own sons who stripped him of hope†. The way Willy treats his wife Linda is a direct reflection of the way in which women in society at the time would have been treated. In the United states women were not given equal rights until around the early 1970’s. At this point, they were given the simple pleasure of a credit card however; they had to possess their husband’s name on it. However, during the time Death of a Salesman was written women were still in the battle for fair treatment and equal rights. The way in which Miller displays this is by not including any strong female figures in the play. The repression of women in society at the time just caused them to be held back, something that a fast developing country such as America could not afford to do. Eliza Kazan once said, â€Å"Willy is one vast contradiction, and this contradiction is his downfall† This reflects Willy’s undecided attitudes on pride, success and his affair, which therefore portrays Willy Loman as a casualty of the capitalistic concept. It becomes evident from this play how society can be very judgemental on the people within it. The protagonist, Willy Loman is used by Miller to portray the prejudice a society has on a person. Willy Loman becomes alienated in many different ways, for instance being fired from his job and the feeling that he has been segregated from his own family. All of the actions that alienate him validate the discrimination of a biased world.

Barack Obama, Donald Trump and the Birther Movement

Barack Obama, Donald Trump and the Birther Movement Barack Obama’s legacy as the 44th U.S. president includes the killing of Osama bin Laden, helping the economy bounce back from the Great Recession and his controversial health care plan, but his time in office will forever be linked to the birther movement as well. Birthers not only framed Obama as an illegitimate president but also paved Donald Trump’s path to the White House. With this overview, learn the origins of the movement, how it spread, and its effect on Obama. Birtherism in Context Barack Obama was born Aug. 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii, to a native Kansan mother, Ann Dunham, and a native Kenyan father, Barack Obama Sr. But birthers contend that the president was born in Kenya, like his father. They argue that this made him ineligible to be president. Since Ann Dunham was a U.S. citizen, the birther rumors, even if true, would still be wrong about Obama’s eligibility to be president. As the Harvard Law Review explained in 2015: â€Å"All the sources routinely used to interpret the Constitution confirm that the phrase ‘natural born citizen’ has a specific meaning: namely, someone who was a U.S. citizen at birth with no need to go through a naturalization proceeding at some later time. And Congress has made equally clear from the time of the framing of the Constitution to the current day that, subject to certain residency requirements on the parents, someone born to a U.S. citizen parent generally becomes a U.S. citizen without regard to whether the birth takes place in Canada, the Canal Zone, or the continental United States.† The U.S. State Department also notes that a child born abroad to an American citizen and â€Å"one alien parent† acquires U.S. citizenship at birth. The birthers have never disputed that Ann Dunham was a U.S. citizen. Their failure to do so seriously weakens their argument, not to mention the fact that Obama has provided documentation about his birthplace, a Honolulu newspaper announced his birth just days afterward and family friends said they met him as a newborn in Hawaii. These friends include former Hawaii Gov. Neil Abercrombie. Abercrombie knew both of Barack Obamas parents well. â€Å"Of course, we had no idea at the time that the future president of the United States was that little boy, that little baby,† Abercrombie told CNN in 2015. The former governor became emotional discussing the birther accusations. â€Å"I would just like to ask people who have this political orientation towards the president, respect us here in Hawaii, respect his mother and father. Respect the people that I loved and the people that I knew and the little boy who grew up here in paradise and became president.†Ã‚   How the Birther Movement Began Although the birther rumors became extremely widespread, a lot of confusion exists about the origins of the movement. In fact, it has been linked to both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. But did either of these two, who became rivals during the 2016 presidential race, actually begin the birther movement? Donald Trump’s remarks about birtherism have only added to the confusion. â€Å"Hillary Clinton and her campaign in 2008 started the birther controversy,† Trump said  while campaigning for president in 2016. â€Å"I finished it.† In 2015, U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) also blamed Hillary Clinton for the birther rumors. But both Politifact and Fact-check.org, reportedly the first website to acquire Obama’s birth certificate, have found no connection between the 2008 Clinton campaign and the birther rumors, even if some of her supporters latched on to the unfounded claims. Birtherism simply can’t be traced to a single source, but Politico has linked it to an anonymous chain email from 2008. The email reportedly stated: â€Å"Barack Obama’s mother was living in Kenya with his Arab-African father late in her pregnancy. She was not allowed to travel by plane then, so Barack Obama was born there and his mother then took him to Hawaii to register his birth.† Daily Beast editor John Avlon has blamed Clinton volunteer Linda Starr of Texas for spreading the email. For her part,  Clinton has adamantly denied involvement in the smear campaign. She told CNN’s Don Lemon that to blame her â€Å"is so ludicrous, Don. You know, honestly, I just believe that, first of all, it’s totally untrue, and secondly, you know, the president and I have never had any kind of confrontation like that. You know, I have been blamed for nearly everything, that was a new one to me.† While the name of the birther responsible for the viral email remains unknown, some birthers have proudly identified themselves with the movement. They include Jerome Corsi, whose 2008 book, â€Å"Obama Nation,† accused the president of maintaining dual American and Kenyan citizenship. There’s also former Pennsylvania deputy attorney general Phil Berg. â€Å"Obama carries multiple citizenships and is ineligible to run for President of the United States. United States Constitution, Article II, Section 1,† Berg said in a federal District court complaint filed on Aug. 21, 2008. Berg had spent the previous years suggesting that George W. Bush was somehow involved in the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. After his lawsuit about Obama’s birthplace came others. Alan Keyes, who ran against Obama in the 2004 Senate race and later for president, filed a suit in California concerning Obama’s eligibility to be president. California resident Orly Taitz would file more suits. New Jersey resident Leo Donofrio filed such a suit as well. The courts have ultimately  dismissed all suits involving the birther claims. How Birthers Have Affected Obama In response to the birther claims, Obama has released his birth certificate, which in Hawaii is a certificate of birth. But birthers, including Donald Trump, insisted that the certificate was invalid. Hawaii state officials have even vouched for Obama, including Dr. Chiyome Fukino, then director of the Hawai’i State Department of Health. The doctor swore in 2008 and 2009, â€Å"I... have seen the original vital records maintained on file by the Hawai’i State Department of Health verifying Barrack (sic) Hussein Obama was born in Hawai’i and is a natural-born American citizen.† Still, Donald Trump appeared on a number of television programs questioning the authenticity of Obama’s birth certificate and suggesting that no hospital records of his birth in Hawaii could be found. His wife,  Melania Trump, made such  claims on television as well. Spreading the birther claims earned Trump a following among Americans aggrieved that Obama was president. According to polls, more than a quarter of Americans believed Obama was not born in the United States because of the controversy. After years of declaring otherwise, Trump finally admitted that Obama was a U.S. citizen. While stumping for Hillary Clinton in September 2016, First Lady Michelle Obama called the birther claims â€Å"hurtful, deceitful questions, deliberately designed to undermine [Obama’s] presidency.†

Health coach Essay Example

Health coach Essay Example Health coach Essay Health coach Essay Bing a wellness manager for gamescape these past 5 hebdomads has truly helped me reach a better apprehension of wellness and health. Having a squad with such different backgrounds and really different in their whole facet of wellness and health was a challenge at times but that is what made me understand wellness and health so much better. Bing the squad leader and holding to do different life determinations for the three other squad members helped me see how altering some little things can hold a immense impact in your life. I have learned that even person who is really active and fit like June in gamescape was there is still room for betterment and better wellness picks to be made. The most of import thing that I have learned is that there has to be balance between all six elements in order to make optimum wellness. It is truly of import to understand each component and do it a portion of your life because if one is absent in your life so you can non make true wellness and health. Before gamescape I had no thought about the six elements that make up wellness and health. I knew that all those things were of import but I neer truly knew the function the six elements have in making optimum wellness. Besides larning all the ways that I can assist forestall chronic disease has been great. larning about all the hazard factors made me really scared at first but I besides know now that I can assist forestall it.

Chose the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chose the topic - Essay Example r-crime poses as one of the biggest threats because all businesses use computers and the Internet which from the only requirement for undertaking cyber-attacks. It is not easy to realize that the network or the devices connected to company network have been compromised (Nykodym et al., 2010). An attack may take place without even interrupting the ongoing processes. This makes it a main threat because the organization may be losing money but is unaware. In addition, new threats emerge on a daily basis and the approaches used in attacking computer systems are becoming sophisticated by the day. This makes a key threat because there is no specified way of dealing with cyber threats due to the evolvement. The imminent damage also supports the idea of cyber-crime being a critical issue. This is because it poses a threat of  £2.4 billion to the businesses in U.K (Nykodym et al., 2010). This implies that the threat is even higher for global businesses. It is also not easy to pinpoint the s ource of an attack. This makes it hard to arrest the offender and increases the chance of allowing them to escape with data or money belonging to an organization. These attacks have also been increasing and may cause an organization to halt its performance for a certain period especially depending on the scale of the attack. For instance, a DDOS attack or what is commonly known as a denial of service is one of the attacks that can render an organization nonoperational because it affects the functioning of the entire computer systems. The various modes involved in cyber-crime also make it one of the most dangerous in the functioning of the organization. These modes include internal and external attacking. The internal attacks are the most dangerous ones because they are undertaken by people who are aware of the functioning of the organization and the location of any data that they may wish to steal of destroy (Gragido & Pirc, 2011). While the external attacks are also equally dangerous,

Learning Theorie Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Learning Theorie - Research Paper Example This learning theory then is closely linked to pragmatist philosophy, as they both articulate the world in this constructive lens. There are a variety of ways that constructivist learning theory can be implemented in training. The extent that constructivism can be implemented in learning is dependent on the extent that it is embraced by the instructional designer. In this way radical constructivists believe that all knowledge should be instructed through these methods. Still, in most use constructivism is implemented as a means of instructing higher order thinking skills. In these instances, more traditional instruction methods face great challenges in encapsulating the varieties of information. Specifically, constructivist techniques rely largely on shared interactions between students. In this way students’ divergent understandings of subject matter are integrated into a construction of reality. In other instances, students engage in applications of knowledge that simulate real-world situations; in these instances, the students’ interaction with the real world situation contributes to their know ledge

When Volunteerism Isn't Noble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

When Volunteerism Isn't Noble - Essay Example 58-61). The Liberty High school board demanded that all its students undertake community service. All students were required to demonstrate that they have undertaken at least 60 hours of community service or other volunteerism work, failure to which they would not obtain their high school diploma (Steirer Par. 2). This requirement baffled Lynn and disturbed her immensely as she saw it as contradictory and going against the spirit of volunteerism, which should be explicitly voluntary. Lynn perceived the move as diminishing, rather than promoting the spirit of volunteerism. These decisions by the board presented Lynn with a dilemma: should she subscribe to  the program, or stay true to her principles, which itself is civil disobedience (Steirer Par. 3). For Lynn, volunteerism had always been a cherished attribute demonstrated for her extensive service as an aide in Meals on Wheels, Girl Scout, and other charity activities. The hundreds of hours she committed to the community were out of her own initiative rather than an obligation. Lynn undertook her community service but failed to submit her hours for credit, a decision that denied her a diploma. According to her, staying true to her values was more fulfilling (Steirer Par. 6). Lynn and her parent believed that the requirement for volunteerism inculcates the wrong values, besides being unconstitutional. Lynn Steirer claimed that mandatory community service for high schools infringes on students’ rights and vitiates the notion of volunteerism by twisting it into an â€Å"involuntary servitude,† an affront on freedom. Mandatory Community service is a privilege to volunteer and students bear a responsibility to contribute their talent, time, and energies towards the welfare of all, and give back part of the numerous concessions given by the community. First, communities gain significantly from the intelligence and the resourceful energies of high school students (Salamon 510).

The Seduction Of Unreason Essay Example for Free

The Seduction Of Unreason Essay Postmodernism suffers many critics, some arguing for its responsibility in practically destroying the study of literature in America and Europe with a Leftist bent. Richard Wolin, professor of history and comparative literature at the City University of New York, disagrees and his own critique is that Postmodernism’s founding fathers were fascinated almost obsessed with the far-Right fascism of 1920s and 1930s. Wolpin demonstrates in his book that basic tenants of postmodernist thought considered politically Leftist in origin, come actually from the ultraconservative far-Right. At the same time, he does not consider Postmodernism a serious threat to literary study or society: â€Å"Conservatives hold postmodernists responsible for the latter-day decline of the West, accusing them of promoting relativism by undermining the traditional concepts of reason and truth. But they seriously overestimate postmodernism’s impact and influence, which has—happily—largely been confined to the isolated and bloodless corridors of academe† ( Wolin 2004, 313).   However, he states that postmodernist thought is a â€Å"celebration of heterogeneity and radical difference risks abetting the neotribalist ethos that threatens to turn the post-communist world order into a congeries of warring, fratricidal ethnicities† (Ibid.).   In this, he believes these identities and related demand for political correctness will replace reason, to the detriment of society. Wolpin considers a few select thinkers, namely Bataille, Blanchard, and Jung; comparing their ideologies to those of Heidegger, Nietzsche and a few others. He claims that the similarities between the two camps are not coincidence and in fact, these philosophers are all conservatives. Bataille, Blanchard, Jung, and their followers simply repeated the antidemocratic ideals and reactionary teachings of Nietzsche and Heidegger to varying degrees. Many Leftists rejected French Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Postmodernist thought is currently dominant in academia, the media, literature, and world politics. Rejection of power in Postmodernism seems to be a distrust of politics in general and this rejection attempts to hide within a sense of special identities and political correctness. For example, European neo-fascism once spoke of white supremacy, but now promotes national and ethnic identities, or multiculturalism. Wolin shows that the current ideal of multiculturalism is merely political and anti-democratic. He sees associated secularism as moral decay and societal downfall in a grand conspiracy of thought tracing back to the enemies of the French Enlightenment who felt reason and critical inquiry to be evil. Replacing a belief in reason and progress, there is now a Leftist obsession with political correctness and a cult of identity in cultural factions. In The Seduction of Unreason, Wolpin successfully demonstrates the seductive but obvious and radical element of thought that spurs the rejection of reason in Postmodernism, and it is fascism. References Wolin, Richard. 2004. The Seduction of Unreason:   The Intellectual Romance With Fascism From Nietzsche to Postmodernism. Princeton University Press.

Model Of Web Of Causation Health And Social Care Essay

Model Of Web Of Causation Health And Social Care Essay The model of web of causation dates back to 1960, when it was developed to represent different pathways that point on a genesis of a health problem or a disease, giving rise to defined causative risk factors. The model has been used in community health and nursing to explain diseases and disabilities caused by multiple factors and identify possible points for preventive interventions in community health problems. This research paper introduces the conceptual nursing model of the web of causation and uses a community aggregate of children below 18 years diagnosed with type 1 and type 2 diabetes to discuss conceptual nursing web of causation. Introduction Medicineamigo (2007) defines web of causation as a medical term used to represent a complex group of subjects and relationships that can contribute to occurrence and spread of a disease. The model of web of causation shows that diseases are not distributed randomly in any group but isolation of how they are distributed requires one to study several factors. This implies that there are multiple and heterogeneous causes of any disease, symptom or health condition, collectively forming a web of causation. Clark (2008) argues that the model of the web of causation represents pathway factors that point to a genesis of a health problem and gives rise to or mitigate more precisely defined causative risk factors. Based on this model, one can increase the chances of controlling a disease or a health condition by breaking more links within the web of potential factors in the model. The model offers a solution in conceptualizing health problems that have multi- factoral etiologies such as diabe tes. Historical Development of Model of Web of Causation MacMahon, Pugh, and Ipsen (1960) came up with the model of web of causation; whereby it was used explain the occurrence of icterus for a group of patients who were receiving treatment for syphilis. This was followed by a more sophisticated but generalized web of causation that Stallones came up with in 1966. The purpose of his web of causation was to to describe the interrelationships among the 3 main types of cardiovascular disease. After some further research, Friedman developed a web of causation that was more detailed in 1980. His model was based on causation for the classic heart attack. This development marked the beginning for mapping what is today known concerning the etiology of heart diseases. The model of web of causation has continued to gain popularity since its discovery in 1960 and has proved useful in identifying possible factors for preventive interventions in community health. How Concepts Relate Within the Model of Web of Causation Duncan (2007) points out how the model of web of causation emphasizes on agents in explaining causes of diseases, while providing multifactoral causes that traverse various pathways, mirroring reality. In this model, the disease or a health condition is not only seen to be having different causes, but each one of these individual causes is viewed as a consequence that came from the multiple causes, of which each is an effect resultanting to multiple causes. This web is built using arrows of causation, with each arrow of causation implying that the element at the arrow source is somehow an individual cause of the element at that particular point of the arrow. Using type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children under 18 as an example, the disease can be as a result of new potential risk factor within the neighborhood or a variable in the web of causation representing a toxic environment that leads to diabetes or a variable representing lack of health care for possible underlying causes of dia betes such as high blood pressure or obesity, or having genetic predisposition that leads to diabetes (At Health 2005). Model Application to Nursing Process The model of web of causation can be used in nursing process to explain diseases and disabilities caused by multiple factors such as hepatitis and diabetes, which can be explained using complex relationship in the disease agent, host and environment; integrating factors such as genetic factors, environmental factors and race among others (At Health, 2005). American Diabetes Association (2000) highlights the importance of the model of web of causation in monitoring of diabetes in children and adolescents to avoid further complications resulting from the disease. This can be achieved when families work together with health care providers to help set a childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s target for blood glucose levels and develop a personal diabetes plan for healthy meals, regular exercise and oral medication. Duncan (2007) explains how the model can be applied in nursing to address health related threats and conditions such as the problem of teenage pregnancy, which is attributed to complex interaction between several causative and contributing factors such as ignorance, peer pressure and lack of contraceptives among others. Applications Model of Web of Causation to Community Health Problems According to Clark (2008), the model of web of causation is applied in enhancing the understanding of non-communicable diseases. The model has further been used in identifying possible points for preventive interventions in community health problems. Based on this model, prevention of obesity can be used as an intervention measure to protect the target population from being infected with type 2 diabetes. Duncan (2007) explains the importance of the model of web of causation in summarizing community health information for presentation, communication and analysis. He points out the importance of the model in study of distribution of health outcomes in a given population through interpretation of epidemiological relationships. Importance Of Community Partnership In Community Health Projects Community partnership in community health projects brings collaborative efforts to improve health through sharing of resources, combining talents and enhancing opportunities to achieve positive health outcomes (World Health Organization, 2002). According to World Health Organization (2002), involving communities in community health projects is a sign of giving up control and concern about who contributes to success of the partnership. This empowers people to creatively develop skills and build competencies and capacities because better and more sustainable decisions are made by involving communities in decision making. Furthermore, community participation in health projects is a way of extending the democratic process by opening up governance and redressing inequality in power for organizations involved. This offers new opportunities for creative thinking and innovative planning of health projects. Partnership with community in community health project implementation creates dedicated staff in project implementation as communities positively identify with the projects. This ensures ownership and sustainability of the projects, provides a source of information, knowledge as well as experience and eliminates deficiencies in the society, while empowering members to put emphasis on problem solving (WHO, 2002). Conclusion The model of web of causation is an important model that has been used in community health to represent different pathways that point on a genesis of a health problem or a disease, giving rise to defined causative risk factors. It has proved to be a viable model in addressing health problems that have multifactoral causes like the type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Lasting solutions in addressing community health problems can be achieved by involving people at community level in decision making and participation in community health projects.

conscription Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Non-essential Conscription   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the war on terrorism continues more troops in Iraq and Afghanistan are dying every month. The government is struggling to organize the number of soldiers maintaining the opposition in both Afghanistan and Iraq which brings up a popular topic-conscription (mandatory military enlistment). Senator Charles Rangel of New York was the one that introduced the call for the military draft upon the Senate. The draft was revoked and still hasn’t been in affect since the Vietnam War over thirty years ago. Reinstitution of conscription would not help this country right now, it will just make matters worse. It is not necessary to permit a draft in the United States because our advanced voluntary military should be able to control the defense of our country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If years from now we are still fighting in operation Iraqi freedom and record numbers of troops are dropping, then congress should start to propose a draft, not now. They probably are pre-warning us right now yet won’t actually pass this mandate until next year or months from today. Who knows, the government can construct a draft tomorrow if they feel that it’s necessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A meeting between democrats and republicans took place in January this year regarding conscription. They basically discussed how and when this will take action. â€Å"The middle class and lower middle class should not be forced to bear the burden of fighting and dying if, in fact, this is a generational war.† (Senator Chuck Hagel-Republican from Nebraska) He and many other senators made it clear to the press that if there was a draft, then the majority of the upper middle class and upper class would be targeted to fight for our country. I agree simply because during the Vietnam War, many children of the higher social layers of society found any possible way to avoid the draft.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our military defense has the most advanced weapons and protection system in the world. Ever since Bush took place in office, our taxes were contributing towards the expenses of the military. After watching the Department of Defense spend billions of dollars on military needs these last past four years, I wonder why they have to bring up this non-essential topic. This budget that Clinton actually proposed was $277.5 billion for the Sec... ...r paying rent and was in the best shape of my life. It wasn’t that bad, also when I was deployed to Iraq I saved a lot of money and came back to the States feeling and living great. The reason why I got out is because I wanted to go to school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every person in the U.S. between the ages of 18-26 should be aware of this situation that can possibly happen. They should all have the right to be heard and share their opinions with the rest of the country instead of just the Pentagon, Senate, Legislatures and Politicians. They aren’t the ones who are going to be forced to fight, we are, and we as the young people of society are the easiest intentions. From my knowledge and what I’ve seen while I was in the Army I can say that our armed forces are fine over in Iraq. We don’t need to draft more troops for the war in Iraq. While conscription will ruin our country, another country will be benefited doesn’t make sense. Works Cited http://grassley.senate.gov/won/2003/won02-01-10.htm http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Feb2000/b02072000_bt045-00.html http://www.wsws.org/articles/2004/apr2004/draf-a22.shtml   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Factors of courage Essay

In this essay I will consider the social, economic and political factors of courage. Many an afternoon has been enjoyed by a family, bonding over the discussion of courage. While much has been written on its influence on contemporary living, it is important to remember that ‘what goes up must come down.’ Often it is seen as both a help and a hinderence to those politicaly minded individuals living in the past, many of whom fail to comprehend the full scope of courage. At the heart of the subject are a number of key factors. I plan to examine each of these factors in detail and and asses their importance. Social Factors Society begins and ends with courage. The immortal and indispensable phrase ‘honesty is the best policy’ [1] shead new light on courage, allowing man to take it by the hand and understand its momentum. Much has been said about the influence of the media on courage. Observers claim it is crunchy on the outside but soft in the middle. Nothing represents every day life better than courage, and I mean nothing. Just as a dog will return to its own sick, society will return to courage, again and again. Economic Factors Economics has been defined as ‘I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine.’ To my learned ear that sounds like two people with itchy backs. Of course, courage fits perfectly into the Inter-Spam model of economics. The statistics make it clear that courage is a major market factor. In spite of the best efforts of The World Bank the cost of living world wide are driven entirely by courage. The financial press seems unable to make up its mind on these issues which unsettles investors. Political Factors No man is an island, but what of politics? Comparing the ideals of the young with the reality felt by their elders is like contrasting playing with a puppy and singing with a blackbird. In the words of one of the great political analysts Odysseus T. Time ‘Political idealists must ideally deal, for I daily list my ideals politically.’ [2] This clearly illustrates the primary concern of those involved with courage. It would be wise to approach the subject with the thought that ‘if you don’t have anything nice to say, don’t say anything at all’. However this can lead to missing out important facts. I wait anxiously. What will the next few years bring for courage? Conclusion What can we conclude? Well, courage is, to use the language of the streets ‘Super Cool.’ It inspires, brings glamour to an unglamorous time and is a joy to behold. I’ll leave you with this quote from Leonardo Beckham: ‘It’s been nice educating you.’ [3] [1] Traditional – possibly first said by King Arthor†¦ but probably not. [2] Time – Yes Indeed – 1987 Indegro Books [3] Smashing Hits – Issue 224 – Jazz Media